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Sport Psychology Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Define Personality

A

A unique psychological make up

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2
Q

Trait theory

A
  • We are born with innate characteristics called traits
  • They are stable consistent and enduring
  • Attempts to profile the individual
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3
Q

Social Learning Approach

A
  • Suggests behaviour is learned from significant others by socialisation e.g parents, role models etc
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4
Q

Define socialisation

A

Developing personality traits by associating and learning from others

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5
Q

2 types of socialisation

A

Primary- From our family

Secondary- Schools and media etc

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6
Q

Define vicarious learning (observational learning)

A
  • Occurs when a person is motivated by to learn by watching someone else work and be rewarded
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7
Q

Social Learning Theory

A

Observe —> Identify —> Reinforced —> Copy

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8
Q

Interactionist Perspective

A

A theory which combines trait and social learning to predict behaviour in a specific situation
. Indicates that born traits are adapted according to the situation

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9
Q

Interactionist Perspective Formula

A 
B= EX P
(Behaviour = Personality x environment)
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10
Q

The Hollander Approach?

A

. Suggests that personality is made up of 3 features

  1. Core of the performer
  2. Typical Responses
  3. Role related behaviour
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11
Q

Credulous approach

A

You believe the theories. You accept a link that personality can predict behaviour

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12
Q

Sceptical Approach

A

You don’t believe them. You doubt the link that personality can predict behaviour

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13
Q

Evaluation of Questionnaire

A

. Efficient (+)
. Deals with a lot of info (+)
. Biased answers (-)
. Misunderstood answers (-)

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14
Q

Evaluation of Observation

A

. True to life (+)
. During real game (+)
. Subjective (-)
. Behaviour change when watched (-)

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15
Q

Evaluation of interview

A

. More depth (+)
. Specific (+)
. Time bound (-)
. Similar to questionnaire (-)

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16
Q

Attitude

A

Ideas that change with emotion that produce specific behaviour to a specific situation

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17
Q

Tridie model (clue CAB)

A

Cognitive
Affective
Behavioural

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18
Q

Cognitive

A

Your thought eg a belief in exercise benefits

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19
Q

Affective

A

Your feelings eg enjoying training

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20
Q

Behavioural

A

Your actions eg training 3 times a week

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21
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

Is a challenge to existing beliefs causing “disharmony” in an individual and to motivation to change attitudes

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22
Q

Persuasive Communication

A

Trying to convince someone. But could be hard as core beliefs are usually very stable

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23
Q

Negative attitudes can be changed to positive by…..

A

. Persuasion from ‘perceived expert’
. Making it fun when training
. Allowing early success
. Using positive reinforcement and reward

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24
Q

What is anxiety

A

A negative aspect of stress which is characterised by irrational thinking, loss of concentration and fear of failure

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25
What are the 2 types of anxiety
Trait anxiety- innate and is the personality trait (consistency and stable)
26
Competitive Trait
Performer is naturally anxious in all sporting situations. Generally is trait anxiety
27
Competitive State
Performer is anxious in specific sporting situations only can be cause by negative past experiences
28
Cognitive anxiety
Where the anxiety and performance is in a negative correlation
29
Somatic anxiety
Similar to inverted U where it increases to a certain point then decreases
30
Characteristics of somatic anxiety
Is psychological-, shirking, muscular tension etc
31
Characteristics of cognitive anxiety
Psychological- irrational thinking, worrying, confusion etc Greater cognitive anxiety, worse the performance
32
Causes of anxiety
Being watched Running out of time Letting down team Poor performance
33
Measuring anxiety with questionnaires
+ Efficient and quick Lot of info - Biased ans Misunderstood qu
34
Measuring anxiety with observation
+ True to life During real game - Behaviour changes during loss
35
Measuring anxiety with Physiological
+ objective, specific | - cause stress when measure
36
Instinct theory
Aggressive responses are innate and responses are part of evolution
37
Frustration Aggression Hypothesis
Aggression is inevitable when frustrating circumstances cause goals to be blocked
38
Aggression Hypothesis Cue
Suggests that aggression is caused by a learned trigger
39
Social Learning Theory
Aggression is learned from experience, coaches, role models and significant others
40
Preventing Aggression
Don’t reinforce behaviour, fines, sub, stress management etc
41
Aggression
Intent to harm outside the rules
42
Assertion
Well motivated behaviour within the rules
43
Instinct Motivation
From Within, the satisfaction of successfully completing a task
44
Extrinsic Motivation
From an outside source eg praise from a coach
45
Tangible reward
Physical (can be touched) eg trophy
46
Intangible Reward
Non-Physical eg praise
47
Wars to motivate
``` . Setting a goal . Giving bonuses . Using feedback to inspire change . Pointing out health benefits . Point out role models etc ```
48
Motivation Defined
A drive to succeed
49
Achievement Motivation Defined
The desire which competence situations are approached or avoided
50
Atkinson’s 2 Personality Types
1- Approaches competition with enthusiasm (eg asks to take a pen) 2- Tries to avoid competition (eg at the back of the group for all penalties)
51
Incentive Value
Reward gained for the task, high value rewards lead to high motivation, low value reward means low motivation
52
How to develop need to achieve
``` . Set Goals . Goals should be realistic and achievable . Use reinforcement . Improve confidence/self-efficiency . Allow success . Attribute success internally ```
53
Achievement goal Theory
. Motivation and task persistence depend on the type of goals set and how they measure success
54
Define Social Facilitation
Is the behavioural effects due to others present
55
4 types of others present in sport
Audience Competitors Social Reinforcers Co-actors
56
An audience
Just watches
57
Competitors
Are in conflict with the performer
58
Social Reinforcers
Encourage or criticise performance
59
Co-actors
Are doing the sport alongside high
60
Inhibition
When performance is made worse by the presence of others
61
Facilitation
When performance is improved by the presence of others
62
Dominant Response
Focusing on one or two cues as our ability to take in information reduces
63
Evaluation Apprehension
Fear of being judged
64
Group Dynamics
``` A group has the following features: . Interaction between group members . A collective identity . Shared objectives or a common goal . Communication ```
65
Forming
Getting to know each other, strengths/weaknesses, will people fit in
66
Storming
Conflict as people stablish roles/positions
67
Norming
Cooperation. Conflicts are resolved the team begins to settle down and cooperate focussing on achieving goals. Standards are accepted and the cohesion of the team develops
68
Perfoming
Common goals,success , team sport each other and understand their roles

Physical Education (13 decks)

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