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A Level Revision > Sport Revision > Flashcards

Sport Revision Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 types of bone

A

Flat bone
Short bone
Irregular bone
Sesamoid bone
Long bone

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2
Q

What are the 5 types of flat bone

A

Pelvis
Sternum
Cranium
Ribs
Scapula

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3
Q

What is the only type of sesamoid bone

A

Patella

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4
Q

What is the only type of irregular bone

A

Vertebral column

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5
Q

What are the three classifications of joints

A

Synovial joints
Slightly movable joints
Fixed joints

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6
Q

What are the 6 types of synovial joints

A

Ball and socket
Saddle joint
Pivot joint
Condyloid joint
Hinge joint
Gliding joint

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7
Q

What is an axial skeleton

A

This protects the major organs of the body like the cranium and the sternum, it’s the center core of the body

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8
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton

A

This skeleton provides the body with movement

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9
Q

What is the equation to calculate minute ventilation

A

Tidal volume times frequency

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10
Q

What is the equation to calculate cardiac output

A

Heart rate times stroke volume

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11
Q

What are the structures of a synovial joint

A

Ligament
Joint capsule
Articulate cartilage
Synovial membrane
Synovial fluid

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12
Q

What are the different structures of the respiratory system and what is the directional flow of air

A
  1. Nasal cavity
  2. Pharynx
  3. Epiglottis
  4. Larynx
  5. Trachea
  6. Bronchi
  7. Bronchioles
  8. Alveoli
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13
Q

What are short term effects of exercise

A

Increase in stroke volume
Increase in cardiac output
Increase in blood pressure

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14
Q

Describe expiration at rest

A

The intercostal muscles relax and it goes back to its original position, the diaphragm then moves up and down as a result of this you have a decrease in volume and an increase in pressure

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15
Q

What term describes the combination of flexion, extension, abduction and addiction

A

Circumduction

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16
Q

What term refers to specifically to the radioulnar joint turning the palm upwards

A

Supination and pronation

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17
Q

What is ATP

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

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18
Q

What is ADP

A

Adenosine Di-phosphate

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19
Q

What is an exothermic reaction

A

Any reaction that produces energy

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20
Q

What is an endothermic reaction

A

A reaction that needs to energy to happen

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21
Q

What are the 6 functions of the Skeleton

A

Protection
Shape
Mineral storage
Movement
Blood production
Support

22
Q

What is the function of the triscupid valve

A

Separates the right atrium and right ventricle and it also prevents the back flow of blood

23
Q

What is the function of the mitral valave

A

Separates the left atrium and left ventricle and it also prevents the backflow of blood

24
Q

What are the four valves in the directional flow of blood

A

Mitral valve
Triscupid valve
Aortic valve
Pulmonary valve

25
Q

What is vascular shunt

A

The redistribution of blood around the body

26
Q

What is venous return

A

The return of blood back to the heart

27
Q

What are the five blood vessels

A

Arterioles
Capillaries
Veins
Venues

28
Q

What is the function of the venules

A

Connects capillaries to the veins

29
Q

What is function of the arterioles

A

Connects arteries to the capillaries

30
Q

What happens to increase blood flow

A

Increases the smooth muscle in the tunica media of the arterioles which relaxes and causes Vasodilation

31
Q

What happens when constructing blood flow

A

The smooth muscle in the tunica media of the arterioles contracts and causes vasoconstriction, the pre capillary sphincters then close.

32
Q

What are the four components of blood

A

White blood cell
Red blood cell
Plasma
Platelets

33
Q

Describe inhalation during exercise

A

The diaphragm contracts and flattens and the external intercostal muscles contract which forces the rib cage up and out. The muscles like the sternocleidomastoid, scalane and pectoral is major assist the volume of the thoracic cavity and decreases air pressure

34
Q

Describe inhalation during rest

A

The external intercostal muscles contract which forces the ribcage up and out, the diaphragm relaxes and domes up

35
Q

What is the equation for exothermic reaction

A

ATP= ADP + P + energy

36
Q

What is equation for an endothermic reaction

A

ADP+ P + energy= ATP

37
Q

What are the long term effects of exercise

A

Increase in capillary density
Increased number of alveoli
Respiratory muscles get stronger

38
Q

What is the function of the articulate cartilage

A

Protects the ends of the bone and reduces friction

39
Q

What is the function of the Synovial fluid

A

Allows smooth movement at a joint and reduces friction

40
Q

What is the function of the joint capsule

A

Encapsulates the fluid

41
Q

What is the function of the synovial membrane

A

Produces the fluid and put nutrients in and out of the fluid

42
Q

What is the function of the ligament

A

Joins a bone to a bone

43
Q

What is an example of a ball and socket joint

A

Hip or shoulder

44
Q

What are some examples of a condyloid joint

A

The wrist

45
Q

What is an example of a pivot joint

A

Radio ulnar joint or neck

46
Q

What is an example of a gliding joint

A

Tarsals or carpals

47
Q

What are the examples of a saddle joint

A

Thumb

48
Q

Describe expiration during exercise

A

The intercostal muscles forced the rib cage down and inwards, the diaphragm is forced upwards and this assisted by the rectus abdominus and overall there is an increase in pressure and decrease in volume

49
Q

What term refers specifically to three spine and bending to the side

A

Lateral flexion

50
Q

Where does gaseous exchange happen

A

Capillaries

A Level Revision (5 decks)

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