Sport Science

Question 1

What are the functions of the skeletal system? (4)

Answer 1

• mineral storage site
• production of blood cells
• support and protection of bones
• body movement

Question 2

What are the types of bones with examples?

Answer 2

• flat (cranium)
• long (femur)
• short (carpals, tarsals)
• sesamoid (patella)
• irregular (vertebrae)

Question 3

How many vertebrae are they in the spine and what are the names?

Answer 3

33 in total
cervical (7)
thoracic (12)
lumbar (5)
saccrum (5 fused)
coccyx (4 fused)

Question 4

What does fused mean?

Answer 4

It means there are no discs or gaps and the vertebrae are squished together

Question 5

What is the difference between tendons and ligaments?

Answer 5

tendons - muscle to bone
ligaments - bone to bone

Question 6

What is flexion?

Answer 6

angle between 2 bones is DECREASED

Question 7

What is extension?

Answer 7

angle between 2 bones is INCREASED

Question 8

What is adduction?

Answer 8

movement of a body part TOWARD the midline of the body

Question 9

What is abduction?

Answer 9

movement of a body part AWAY the midline of the body

Question 10

What is circumduction?

Answer 10

movement of a limb in a circular way

Question 11

What is pronation?

Answer 11

face palm DOWNwards

Question 12

What is supination?

Answer 12

face palm UPwards

Question 13

What is plantarflexion?

Answer 13

angle pointing toes DOWN

Question 14

What is dorsiflexion?

Answer 14

angle pointing toes UP

Question 15

What is reciprocal inhibition?

Answer 15

paired movement in muscles

Question 16

What are the functions of the muscular system? (4)

Answer 16

• helps circulation of blood
• enables us to move our body parts
• protect skeletal system
• body heat

Question 17

What are the types of muscles? AND EXAMPLES

Answer 17

• skeletal muscles (striated) (pectoralis major)
• smooth/involuntary muscles (esophagus)
• cardiac muscles (striated) (heart)

Question 18

What is concentric movement?

Answer 18

muscle shortens

Question 19

What is eccentric movement?

Answer 19

muscle lengthens

Question 20

Example of isotonic movement and what is it?

Answer 20

muscle length changes during contraption (squats)

Question 21

Example of isometric movement and what is it?

Answer 21

muscle length remains unchanged (plank)

Question 22

Example of isokinetic movement and what is it?

Answer 22

changes according to joint angle (cross-country, swimming)

Question 23

What are the 2 types of muscle fibres?

Answer 23

slow twitch and fast twitch

Question 24

What are some aspects of slow twitch muscle fibres?

Answer 24

• endurance based
• don’t fatigue easily

Question 25

What are some aspects of fast twitch muscle fibres?

Answer 25

- high intensity/poweful - fatigue quicker

Question 26

What are the 4 types of movement?

Answer 26

Linear, angular, general, projectile

Question 27

What is linear motion?

Answer 27

movement in a straight line

Question 28

What is angular motion?

Answer 28

movement around an axis

Question 29

What is general motion?

Answer 29

combination of linear and angular (straight and axis)

Question 30

What is projectile motion?

Answer 30

flight or motion in the air

Question 31

How many types of levers are there?

Answer 31

3

Question 32

What does a first-class lever look like and an example?

Answer 32

FORCE-AXIS-RESISTANCE (FAR) eg. rowing oar (force=hands, axis=oar bolt, resitance=water)

Question 33

What does a second-class lever look like and an example?

Answer 33

AXIS-RESITANCE-FORCE (ARF) eg. bottle opener

Question 34

What does a third-class lever look like and an example?

Answer 34

AXIS-FORCE-RESISTANCE (AFR) eg. bicep curl (axis=elbow joint, force=forearm, resistance=weight)

Question 35

What are the 3 energy systems?

Answer 35

ATP-PC anaerobic glycolysis aerobic glycolysis

Question 36

When does ATP-PC come in during activity?

Answer 36

0-10secs of activity (5 secs phase out)

Question 37

When does anaerobic glycolysis come in during activity?

Answer 37

15-90 secs

Question 38

When does aerobic glycolysis come in during activity?

Answer 38

90 secs+

Question 39

What are some aspects of ATP-PC?

Answer 39

- no oxygen - explosive work:rest = 1:5

Question 40

What are some aspects of anaerobic glycolysis?

Answer 40

- no oxygen - somewhat explosive - work:rest = 1:3

Question 41

What are some aspects of aerobic glycolysis?

Answer 41

- oxygen required - endurance>power - work:rest = 1:1

Question 42

What is Newton's first law?

Answer 42

object with remain at rest or in motion unless acted upon by an external force

Question 43

What is Newton's second law?

Answer 43

force applied = acceleration in same direction and speed

Question 44

What is Newton's third law?

Answer 44

every action has an equal and opposite reaction

Question 45

What is Gaseous Exchange in the lungs? (5)

Answer 45

- O2 breathed in - O2 diffuses from the alveoli into capillaries - CO2 diffuses from the capillaries into alveoli - haemaglobin carries O2 through the body - CO2 breathed out

Question 46

What is Gaseous Exchange in the muscles? (4)

Answer 46

- haemoglobin delivers O2 to muscle site - O2 diffuses into the muscle from the blood stream - CO2 diffuses into the blood stream from the muscles - haemoglobin carries C02 back to the lungs

Question 47

Where do gases want to go?

Answer 47

to the place with the least pressure

Question 48

What is diffusion?

Answer 48

diffusion is the movement of gases from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.

Question 49

2 types of diffusion

Answer 49

pulmonary & exchange of gases at the muscle cell site.

Question 50

What are the functions of the circulatory system?

Answer 50

- pump oxygen and blood around the body - clears waste - hydration - regulate body temp - fighting infection

Question 51

Functions of the cardiac system?

Answer 51

- circulate blood - bring O2, water & nutrients to cells - take CO2 and other wastes away from cells - maintain body temp and hydration (red blood cells) - fights diseases (white blood cells)

Question 52

Where does deoxygenated blood enter? (blue)

Answer 52

from the body it enters the right atrium of the heart through the superior/inferior vena cava.

Question 53

Where does the oxygenated blood return? (red)

Answer 53

returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins, entering the left atrium.

Question 54

What is the function of blood vessels?

Answer 54

they transport blood throughout the entire body.

Question 55

3 major types of blood vessels?

Answer 55

arteries capillaries veins

Question 56

What is the role of the arteries?

Answer 56

carry blood away from the heart

Question 57

What is the role of capillaries?

Answer 57

allow the exchange of gases, nutrients and wastes between the blood and the tissues.

Question 58

What is the role of veins?

Answer 58

carry blood back to the heart

Question 59

What is stroke volume?

Answer 59

the amount of blood pumped by each heart beat of the heart. SV increases the fitter people are

Question 60

What are the 2 dif types of blood pressure?

Answer 60

systolic blood pressure & diastolic blood pressure

Question 61

What is systolic blood pressure?

Answer 61

it is the highest pressure, and is the pressure on the arteries as the left ventricle contracts

Question 62

What is diastolic blood pressure?

Answer 62

it is the lowest pressure, and is the pressure on the arteries as the left ventricle relaxes.

Question 63

What is the function of the cervical vertebrae?

Answer 63

Support for your head

Question 64

What is the function of the thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 64

Connect ribs to spine

Question 65

What is the function of the lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 65

support heavy weights

Question 66

What is the function of the sacrum vertebrae?

Answer 66

supports pelvis

Question 67

What is the function of the coccyx vertebrae?

Answer 67

insertion site for many muscles