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GCSE Sports Science > Sport science revision > Flashcards

Sport science revision Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

what is a skill

A

learned ability to bring about result you want with minimum effort

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2
Q

what are the classifications of skills

A 
basic 
complexed 
open
closed 
high organisation skill 
low organisation skill
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3
Q

whats the name of a ‘simple action’ skill and give an e.g

A

Basic skill- does not require much concentration e.g throwing and catching ball

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4
Q

whats the name of a ‘difficult’ skill and give an e.g

A

complexed- long time to learn due to high level of conc and coordination e.g pole vault

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5
Q

must learn ______ skills before mastering _______ skill

A

must learn basic skills before mastering complexed skills

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6
Q

what is an open skill

A

changing environment which players should adapt to changing situation

real game situation

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7
Q

close skills

A

not affected by environment and skill stays the same e.g trampoline routine. same every-time

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8
Q

what type of skill can be broken down into many phases and give an e.g

A

low organisation skill e.g breast stroke (practice legs separate to arms)

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9
Q

what type of skill cannot easily be broken down into many phases and give an e.g

A

high organisation skill e.g diving routine

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10
Q

what are the types of practices

A

massed
fixed
distributed
variable

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11
Q

what type of practice is practising skill continuously without stopping

A

massed

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12
Q

what is massed practice and what skill does it improve

A

practising skill continuously without stopping which improves basic skills

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13
Q

what type of practice is repeating the same movement in one situation over and over again

A

fixed

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14
Q

what is fixed practice and what skill does it improve

A

repeating the same movement in one situation over and over again

closed skills

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15
Q

what type of practice is practising with breaks to allow for rest

A

distributed

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16
Q

what is distributed practice and what skill does it improve

A

practising with breaks to allow for rest

complexed

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17
Q

what type of practice is repeating a technique in different situations

A

variable

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18
Q

what is variable practice and what skill does it improve

A

repeating a technique in different situations

open skills

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19
Q

what are the types of goals

A 
short term (weeks/months) 
long term (years)
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20
Q

what increases as a goal is set

A

motivation

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21
Q

what type of target optimises performance

A 
S-pecific 
M-easurable 
A-chievable 
R-ealistic 
T-ime bound
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22
Q

what is feedback

A

information about their performance

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23
Q

what are the types of feedbacks

A

extrinsic
intrinsic
concurrent
terminal

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24
Q

what type of feedback comes from an outside source and give an e.g

A

extrinsic e.g coach

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25
what type of feedback comes from performer themselves
intrinsic
26
what type of feedback is given at the time of performance and give an e.g
concurrent e.g shouting from sideline
27
what type of feedback is given at the end of performance and give an e.g
terminal
28
what is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic feedback
``` extrinsic = coach intrinsic = performer themselves ```
29
what is the difference between concurrent and terminal feedback
``` conCURRENT = during performance terminal = after performance ```
30
what is terminal feedback
feedback given after performance
31
sportsmanship
qualities of fairness, following the rules and showing sporting etiquette
32
gamesmanship
bending rules of sport without breaking them
33
deviance
behaviour that falls out the norm of acceptable. Goes against morals of sport
34
what are the types of deviance
positive and negative
35
whats an example of deviance in sport
sports enhancing drugs
36
what is match fixing and which type of deviance does this fall under
betting or bribing players to have a certain outcome. Negative deviance
37
what is the difference between neg and pos deviance
neg deviance is breaking rules on purpose pos deviance is breaking rules by accident or without knowing
38
what is an example of positive deviance
overtraining
39
arousal
activation of alertness and focus
40
what is the inverted U theory
low arousal = low performance medium arousal = high performance (OPTIMAL POINT OF AROUSAL) high arousal = low performance
41
what is guidance
info given to learner to limit mistakes
42
what are the types of guidance
visual verbal manual mechanical
43
qualitative
people opinions
44
quantitative
measured amounts
45
describe visual guidance and give + and -
demonstration/videos + all levels of performance + copy example + good for inexperienced performers - must be good quality - some skills could be too complexed to demonstrate
46
describe verbal guidance and give + and -
info given that they hear + use-full fro high level performers + useful for sharing basic info/instructions - info overload - boring - noisy - complexed thing are difficult to explain
47
describe manual guidance and give + and -
physically moving performer into correct position + good for beginners + develops correct feel - performer may not think they are performing on their own - movements might feel different when someones moving you
48
describe mechanical guidance and give + and -
using equipment to assist + good for dangerous skills + gain feel of movement + builds confidence - expensive - performer can reply on aid
49
what is mental rehearsal
forming a mental picture of skill/technique you are about to preform
50
what are benefits of mental rehearsal
increases concentration increases confidence reduces anxiety multi sensory
51
what is a vital part of mental preparation and why
warm up to socialise, be physically prepared, gain confidence, calm discussion of targets, create goals
52
what are benefits of mental preparation
- help concentrate - increase confidence - develop existing skills
53
what's the difference between massed and fixed practise
massed practise is continuous best for basic skills fixed practise is repeating something over and over again best for closed skills as the environment is not affected
54
what is passive smoking
breathing in someone elses smoke
55
risk of smoking
asthma heart attack heart disease lung cancer
56
what does regular activity level prevent us from
``` obesity coronary heart disease high bp type 2 diabetes osteoporosis ```
57
Consequences of sedentary lifestyle
diabetes coronary heart disease high blood pressure
58
what is overfat, overweight and obese
overweight = weighing more than normal e.g muslces or fat over fat = body composition of too much fat
59
what is optimum weight
preform at the most efficient level
60
what is health
complete emotional, physical and social wellbeing
61
benefits of exercise: emotional
``` serotonin = feel good hormone stress relief endorphins boost self esteem and confidence enjoy movement aesthetic appreciation ```
62
regular participation of children and adults
adults 5 x 30 minutes a week | children 7 x 60 minutes a week
63
benefits of exercise: Physical
increase : CV fitness, decrease: risk of CHD decrease : stroke bradycardia ( less than 60 bpm): low resting hr = left ventricle strengthen = more blood per contraction decrease : type 2 diabetes decrease: osteoporosis increase: muscular endurance
64
What is Angina
chest pain caused when your arteries dont get enough oxygen-rich blood to the heart due to fatty substance build up
65
benefits of exercise: Social
``` increase social health cooperation friendship teamwork good attitude for competition (takes wining and loosing well) ```
66
why is goal setting important
monitor progress identify if training is working identify strength and weaknesses
67
Negative effects of exercise on wellbeing
overtraining effects : anorexia, poor immunity, fatigue, chronic injury, decrease performance
68
consequences of sedentary life style
overfat, obese, depression, osteoporosis, high bp, diabetes, coronary heat disease,
69
what does # of calories in depend on
age gender height expenditure of energy
70
components of a balanced diet
Macros minerals vitamins fibre
71
Vit A
eyes | hand eye co ordination
72
Vit B1
converted into energy
73
Vit C
prevent illnesses | immunity
74
Vit D
bone health
75
Potassium
hydration : regulates fluid
76
Iron
o2 carriage
77
calcium
Bone strength
78
1 calorie =
raise 1 gram of water by 1 degree
79
calories for adult male and female per day
``` male = 2,500 female = 2,000 ```
80
% of Macros per day
``` cbh= 55% fat= 30% protein= 15% ```
81
fibre
aids with digestion | veg, nuts
82
micronutrients
nutrients required in small quantities like vit and minerals
83
what is the aim of carbohydrate loading
maximise cbh stores prior to endurance event. The body normally limits the amount of cbh that can be stored, converting excess cbh into fat stores. CBH loading is a method of dietary manipulation to try and get around this to allow the performer to increase glycogen stores.
84
factors effecting optimum weight
sex, heigh, bone structure, muscle girth
85
in which sports is optimum weight important in
gymnastics boxing horse racing
86
steps of CBH load
- 2-4 days before event - reduce exercise - high cbh diet
87
what is the window of opportunity
protein should be consumed no longer than 30 minutes after exercise to optimise protein synthesis and therefor muscle growth.
88
what does dehydration cause
fatigue, dizziness, nausea, heat stroke
89
hydration for sport
when we sweat during physics activity we loose water and salt.
90
how to avoid dehydration when playing sport
electrolyte infused energy drinks 2 hours before just before during after
91
litres of water a day
2-3
92
what is mental rehearsal
mentally practicing a skill before physically doing it
93
benefits of mental rehearsal
develop existing skills increase focus on task reduce anxiety build confidence
94
what influences engagement patterns
``` gender age socio economic groups (ability to pay for things) ethnicity disability ```
95
impact of factors on participation: female
on average: - female participation is lower in sport - greater drop out rate (of sport) in female teenagers - stereo type of tomboy - media coverage
96
impact of factors on participation: age
on average: - older age = less active - teenagers with exam pressure or work pressure
97
impact of factors on participation: socio economical group
on average - access to coaching/clubs/facilities - disposable income - fees/ transport fees -
98
impact of factors on participation: ethnicity
- over and under representation in sport - position = "stacking" in football, white athletes tend to be goalkeepers where as non white footballers would be presented in wing positions because they're seen and assumed to be more of a speed athlete. -admin and coaching
99
impact of factors on participation: disability
- access to venues - specialised equipment - competition
100
commercialisation
using something (sport) to make profit

GCSE Sports Science (1 decks)

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