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Pharm 129 > Sports Injuries > Flashcards

Sports Injuries Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

What is bursitis

A

Inflammation of the bursa (a fluid filled sac that cushions the muscle/tendon from the joint)

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2
Q

Symptoms of bursitis

A

Pain during movement
Swelling and redness
Can be acute or chronic

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3
Q

What causes bursitis

A 
Prolonged pressure (e.g, resting on elbows, kneeling) 
repetitive use
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4
Q

Where does bursitis occur

A

Joints (shoulder, knee)

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5
Q

What injury is most likely to occur for people who are studying for exams?

A

bursitis (sore elbows)

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6
Q

What is tendinitis

A

Inflammation of the tendon, which connects the muscle to a bone or joint

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7
Q

What are symptoms of tendinitis

A

Pain, swelling

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8
Q

What causes tendinitis

A

Mainly repetitive use or overuse, improper training technique

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9
Q

Where does tendinitis occur

A

Near joints (shoulder, elbow, knee, ankle)

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10
Q

How does tendinitis of the ankle occur

A

poorly fitted footwear

overuse (a lot of walking)

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11
Q

What tendon is affected in tendinitis of the ankle

A

achilles tendon

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12
Q

What causes tendinitis in the elbow

A 
carrying things
repeated movements (eg. at factory job)
tennis elbow (can be caused by sports)
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13
Q

What is a strain

A

Tear in muscle/tendon (minor tear to full rupture)

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14
Q

What is the impact of a strain

A

disrupts movement

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15
Q

What causes strains

A

Can be over-exertion, over-stretching, repetitive movement, or trauma

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16
Q

Where do strains occur

A

Common in back, shoulder, hamstrings (i.e., a ”torn” or “pulled” muscle)

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17
Q

Symptoms of strains

A

Pain, swelling

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18
Q

What are sprains

A

Tear in ligament (partial or full rupture)

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19
Q

What is the impact of a sprain

A

disrupts stability

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20
Q

How do sprains occur

A

Mainly trauma, from twisting, falling leading to the ligament being stretched or twisted too much

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21
Q

Where do sprains occur

A

Common in ankles, knees, wrists, fingers

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22
Q

What are the symptoms of sprains

A

Pain, swelling, tenderness, bruising

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23
Q

What are stress fractures

A

Small fractures (micro breaks) in the bone resulting from repetitive strain

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24
Q

What is another name for tennis elbow

A

lateral epicondylitis

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25
What is the impact of a stress fracture
Pain during exercise
26
What causes stress fractures
Repetitive force (e.g., basketball, long distance running)
27
Where do stress fractures occur
lower limbs
28
What are the symptoms of stress fractures
Starts and stops (shows up during activity) | May have swelling
29
What is plantar fasciitis
Inflammation of plantar fascia (periosteum of bottom of foot)
30
What is the impact of plantar fasciitis
Pain while walking
31
What causes plantar fasciitis
long walks, poorly fitted footwear
32
Where does plantar fasciitis occur
Bottom of the foot
33
What is the symptom of plantar fasciitis
Pain
34
What is a shin splint
AKA Medial tibial stress syndrome | Inflammation of the muscles and connective tissues of the lower leg around the tibia (shin)
35
What is the impact of shin splints
Pain while walking, running
36
What causes shin splints
Change in exercise (more running, running up hills, etc) | high impact exercise that overloads the tibia, like running, dancing, gymnastics
37
Where do shin splints occur
Lower legs (tibia)
38
What are symptoms of shin splints
Shin pain, during and after exercise
39
How to prevent sport injuries
* Train * Stretch * Warm-up * Cool-down
39
How to prevent sport injuries
* Train * Stretch * Warm-up * Cool-down
40
What are red flags for ER referral
``` • Joint injuries with – Severe pain – Obvious fracture – Joint deformity – Inability to bear weight on injured limb ```
41
How do you know if a child has a sports injury
Kids will not have pain (adults will) but have lack of mobility Use the amsterdam wrist rule: - cant do supination or pronation - pressing radius = painful
42
When do you use RICE
<48 hours of injury
43
What is the R in RICE
REST at least 24h
44
what is the I in RICE
ICE 10-30 minutes q3-6h x 48h – 10 min for bony areas (hand, wrist, elbow) – 20-30 min for fatty areas (hip) CAUTION: in patients with circulatory diseases (Raynauds, diabetes)
45
what is C in RICE
COMPRESS if swelling using an elastic bandage for 24 hr
46
what is E in RICE
ELEVATE above heart level to drain fluid and reduce swelling
47
What can RICE be used for
bursitis, sprains, strains, plantar fasciitis, shin splints, tendinitis (everything except stress fractures)
48
What should you do for stress fractures (instead of RICE)
rest the area and train using low impact activity such as swimming, cycling
49
What do you after 48 hours of a sports injury
Use heat for 2-14 days 20-30 min q2-4h prn always wrap bottles and pads in a towel to avoid burns AVOID: unconscious patients, impaired skin sensitivity, poor circulation, open wounds
50
What is done after 14 days of sports injury
refer (should be resolved after 14 days) | follow up to assess pain, swelling, movement
51
What oral analgesics can be used for sports injuries
acetaminophen, NSAIDs
52
What topical analgesic is used for sports injuries
diclofenac | Caution: Do not use more than 4 times daily and do not use under heating pads
53
What injection is used for sports injuries
corticosteroids (tendinitis)
54
What vapocoolants can be used
mainly distract from injury | ethyl chloride, Spray and Stretch (pentafluoropropane 95%/tetrafluroethane 5%)
55
What vapocoolants can be used
mainly distract from injury | ethyl chloride, Spray and Stretch (pentafluoropropane 95%/tetrafluroethane 5%)
56
What are topical counter-irritants and do they work?
tiger balm, Rub A535 | do not work, can be used for muscle massage
57
How to assess musculoskeletal injuries
use medSask
58
1. Patient factors to assess (MedSask) | - if present refer
- age <12 years - pregnancy - CVD (or risk factors) - GID (or risk factors) - Renal impairment - asthma - bleeding disorder or use antiplatelet or anticoagulant
59
2. Assess for red flag symptoms (MedSask) | - if present, refer
- visible joint changes, abnormal movement, mobility limitations - pelvic/abdominal pain - systemic symptoms (nausea, vomiting, fever) - pain >2 weeks or >7 days with treatment - severe pain (>7 on 10 point scale) - significant trauma (fall, car accident)
60
3. Are symptoms typical of acute musculoskeletal pain? (medSask) - if not, refer
- pain (mild to moderate) - swelling and/or bruising - symptoms due to overexertion or muscle/ligament injury
61
4. Treatment (medSask)
- RICE/heat - OTC analgesics x 7 days - Rx NSAIDS x 7 days

Pharm 129 (14 decks)

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