Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHM BSc - Trauma Science > Sports Injuries > Flashcards

Sports Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Where do clavicular fractures normally occur

A

middle 1/3 of the clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does the arm of someone with a clavicle fracture look and why

A

proximal to fracture: lifts due to SCM attachment

distal to fracture: drops due to weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the complications associated with a clavicle fracture

A

subclavian artery and vein
brachial plexus damage
pneumothorax
skin tenting can break down and it can become an open fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how is a clavicle fracture managed

A

broad arm sling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does an acromio-clavicular dislocation present

A

shoulder is squared off

the squaring occurs more proximal than would occur with a shoulder dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which way does the shoulder most commonly dislocate and why

A

anteriorly because this is where the rotator cuff is at it’s weakest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how does an anterior shoulder dislocation appear on x-ray

A

inferior, medial and overlying glenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a complication of shoulder dislocations

A

axillary nerve damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is a shoulder dislocation managed

A

relocate with the cunningham technique - massage trapezius and deltoid to relax them and the humeral head should fall back into place.
Entonox
traction and counter traction
broad arm sling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is luxation erecta and how is it managed prehospitally

A

bilateral inferior dislocation of the shoulders

package them with their arms above their heads as impossible to reduce prehospitally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what can complicate a proximal humerus fracture

A

AVN due to damage to anterior humeral circumflex

axillary nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where does the proximal humerus most commonly fracture

A

surgical neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how is a proximal humerus fracture managed

A

cuff and collar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what nerve can be damaged in humeral shaft fractures

A

radial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what structures can be damaged in distal humerus fractures

A

brachial artery

median and radial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

why is ketamine not ideal in dislocations

A

it is a sympathomimetic so tightens everything up preventing relocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which way does the elbow most often dislocate

A

postero-lateral (humerus sits anterior to the olecranon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what structures can be damaged in an elbow dislocation

A

Ulnar nerve is stretched

brachial artery and radial nerve are rarely damaged too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how should an elbow dislocation be managed

A

relocate by pushing your thumbs against the olecranon

benecast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what nerve can be damaged in distal forearm fractuers

A

Median

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

compare a colles and smiths fracture

A

colles - dorsal displacement of the distal fragment

smiths - volar displacement of the distal fragment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What can cause musculocutaneous nerve damage and what does this result in

A

stab wound to axilla
loss of sensation to lateral forearm
weak elbow flexion
loss of biceps reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What can cause axillary nerve damage and what does this result in

A

anterior shoulder dislocation
proximal humerus fractures (surgical neck)
loss of sensation in regimental badge area
weakened abduction from 15-90 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What can cause radial nerve damage and what does this result in

A

humeral shaft fracture
loss of sensation to posterior arm, forearm, hand and digits laterally (i.e. thumb)
weak elbow, wrist and MCPJ extension
loss of triceps reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What can cause median nerve damage and what does this result in

A 
distal humerus fracture
loss of sensation to palm and digits laterally (i.e. thumb)
weak wrist and digit flexion
weak wrist abduction
weak thumb opposition
26
Q

What can cause ulnar nerve damage and what does this result in

A

elbow dislocation it is commonly stretched
distal humerus fractures
loss of sensation to ventral and dorsal palm and digits medially (i.e. little finger)
weak wrist adduction
weak finger ab/adduction and other intrinsic hand movements

27
Q

how does traction and countertraction work in relocating bones?

A

fatigues the muscles so that they relax and the bones can fall back into place

28
Q

common injury mechanism causing hip dislocations

A

dashboard injury

direct blow to femoral head

29
Q

which way does the hip commonly dislocate

A

posterior

30
Q

how does a dislocated hip present and why

A

shortened and internally rotated

because the anterior muscles become taught

31
Q

how does a dislocated hip appear on x-ray

A 
loss of shentons line
loss of lesser trochanter (because it's internally rotated)
appears smaller (moved posteriorly)
32
Q

what can often be damaged in hip dislocations

A

sciatic nerve

33
Q

how is a dislocated hip reduced

A

Allis manoeuvre

34
Q

what causes an anterior hip dislocation and what structures are at risk of damage

A

direct blow to the femoral head

femoral nerve, artery and vein can be damaged

35
Q

how does a hip fracture present and why

A

shortened and externally rotated

because of unopposed iliopsoas

36
Q

what structure is at risk of damage in a fractured NOF

A

medial circumflex artery leading to AVN

37
Q

describe how hip fractures are categorised anatomically

A

intracapsular: subcapital or basicervical
extracapsular: intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric

38
Q

how is a midshaft femur fracture managed prehospitally

A

KTD

39
Q

what complications can occur as a result of a distal femur fracture

A

fat emboli can lead to ARDS especially in young people
damage to popliteal vessels
major haemorrhage

40
Q

which way does the knee commonly dislocate

A

posterior

41
Q

what can cause an anterior knee dislocation

A

hyperflexion of the knee

42
Q

what structures are at risk when a knee dislocates

A

popliteal vessels - you need to CTA them
common fibular nerve
PCL (especially in anterior dislocation)

43
Q

which way does the patella commonly dislocate

A

laterally

44
Q

how should a patella dislocation be managed

A

place thumbs on the lateral patella and push medially whilst hyperextending the knee

45
Q

what is a lisfranc injury

A

disruption of the medial cuneiform and 2nd metatarsal which is dorsally displaced

46
Q

what causes a lisfranc injury

A

axial load on a hyper-plantarflexed forefoot

47
Q

what causes a calcaneous fracture

A

jump/fall from height onto the feet - axial load

48
Q

how does a person with a pelvic fracture present

A

groin pain
considerable bruising
externally rotated legs

49
Q

where does the bleeding in a pelvic fracture come from and where does it pool

A

90% of the time it comes from the venous plexus (located near sacroiliac joint so at risk of damage)
This bleeding is retroperitoneal
Bleeding can also come from the cancellous bone

50
Q

why is the venous plexus at risk in pelvic fractures

A

it is thin walled

located near the sacroiliac joint which is often disrupted in pelvic fractures

51
Q

Describe which structures are damaged in a AP pelvic fracture

A

pubic bones separate
sacroiliac joint separates
sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments

52
Q

what vessel is at risk in an AP pelvic fracture

A

superior gluteal artery

53
Q

why are AP pelvic fractures more dangerous than lateral

A

because of the external rotation they cause the pelvic volume to increase therefore there is more space for blood to be lost into

54
Q

describe the structures damaged in a LC pelvic fracture

A

pubic rami
sacral alar
iliac wing

55
Q

what vessels are at risk in an LC pelvic fracture

A

internal pudendal artery

obturator artery

56
Q

describe a VS pelvic fracture

A

vertical shift of the hemipelvis

57
Q

when is the femoral nerve commonly damaged and what deficit results

A

anterior hip dislocations
weak hip flexion and knee extension
loss of sensation to anterior thigh and medial leg

58
Q

when is the sciatic nerve commonly damaged and what deficit results

A

posterior hip dislocation, pelvic fractures, IM injection into gluteal region, disc prolapse
weak hip extension
loss of sensation to lateral leg

59
Q

when is the common fibular nerve commonly damaged and what deficit results

A

tight cast
neck of fibular fracture
weak ankle dorsiflexion

60
Q

when is the obturator nerve commonly damaged

A

anterior hip dislocation

61
Q

How is a suspected pelvic fracture managed

A

pelvic binder centred over the greater trochanters

PHM BSc - Trauma Science (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions