Sports Med Final Flashcards
(156 cards)
1
Q
What is the function of the foot?
A
absorb forces
provide a stable base of support
2
Q
How many bones are in the foot?
A
26 total
3
Q
How many tarsals are in the foot?
A
7 total
4
Q
What are the 7 tarsals in the foot?
A
Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Cuboid
Medial
Intermediate
Lateral Cuneiform
5
Q
How many metatarsals are in the foot?
A
5 metatarsals
6
Q
What are the 5 metatarsals in the foot?
A
big toe
tibialis posterior
tibialis posterior
tibialis posterior
fibularis tertius
7
Q
how many phalanges in the foot?
A
14
8
Q
(foot) Interphalangeal joint
A
connects the phalange of each toe (1-5)
9
Q
what is apart of the foots interphalangeal joint?
A
(DIP) Distal Interphalangeal Joint
(PIP) Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
10
Q
(foot) Metatarsophalangeal Joint
A
connects each metatarsal to the phalange
11
Q
(foot) Tarsometatarsal Joint
A
connects the tarsals to the metatarsals (aka midfoot)
12
Q
Transverse tarsal joint
A
consists of 2 joints
13
Q
What 2 joints does the Transverse tarsal joint consist of
A
Calcaneocuboid Joint
Talonavicular Joint
- Both form the transverse arch of the foot
14
Q
Talocalcaneal Joint
A
this is the subtalar joint of the foot
15
Q
Ligaments (foot)
A
connects the bone to bone to form all of the joints in the foot
16
Q
Arches (foot)
A
formed by ligamentous and bony arrangements to assist the foot in
supporting the body and absorb the shock of weight bearing
17
Q
Transverse Arch
A
shaped by the metatarsal heads and extended across the transverse tarsal bones to form a half dome
18
Q
Medial Longitudinal Arch
A
originates along the medial border of the calcaneus and extends forward to the distal head of the first metatarsal
19
Q
plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
A
main supporting ligament, acts as a spring, by returning the arch to its normal position after being stretched
20
Q
Lateral Longitudinal Arch
A
Lateral aspect of the foot, follows the same pattern as the medial longitudinal arch
21
Q
What is the lateral longitudinal arch formed by
A
the calcaneus, cuboid, and 5th metatarsal
22
Q
plantar fascia
A
thick white band of fibrous tissue that supports the foot against downward forces
23
Q
where does the plantar fascia originate from
A
the medial aspect of the calcaneus
24
Q
where does the plantar fascia insert at
A
the distal heads of the metatarsals
25
nerves (foot)
branched off from the tibial nerve
26
superficial nerve (foot)
runs anterior and laterally
27
Deep peroneal nerve (foot)
runs posteriorly
28
blood supply of the foot
branched off from the peroneal artery
29
Posterior Tibial artery
dorsal aspect of the foot
30
anterior tibial artery
plantar aspect of the foot
31
Medial movements of the foot
Inversion
Supination
32
lateral movements of the foot
eversion
pronation
toe plantar flexion
toe dorsiflexion
33
prevention of injury for the foot
- proper footwear
- proper foot hygiene
- stretching
- awareness of playing surfaces (too hard and too soft)
34
excessive pronation (foot)
fallen arch
35
excessive supination (foot)
high arch
36
neutral (foot)
normal arch
37
high arches is what
pes cavus
38
fallen arches/flat is what
pes planys
39
what are some wrapping or taping techniques for the foot
turf toe taping - hyperextension
arch taping - supports the entire plantar aspect of the foot for plantar fasciitis, arch strains and shin splints
40
what is the function of the knee?
- Provide stability in the weight-bearing
- mobility in locomotion
41
What does the stability of the knee joint depend primarily on?
the ligaments, the joint capsule, and the muscles that surround it
42
(Knee bone) Femur includes what
lateral femoral condyle
medial femoral condyle
43
(Knee bone) Tibia includes what
Tibial tuberosity
Tibial Plateau
44
(Knee bone) Fibula includes what
Fibular head
45
Patella is also called what
the knee cap
46
What are the joints/articulations of the knee
femur and tibia
femur and patella
tibia and fibula
47
(knee joint) meniscus
fibrocartilage disks shaped like bowls that lie on top of the flat tibial plateau
function - makes the rounded femoral condyle fit better on the flat tibial plateau
increase stability and adds cushion
- medial mensicus
- lateral meniscus
48
(knee ligament) cruciate ligaments
- prevents femur from moving posteriorly during weight bearing
- stabilizes tibia against excessive internal rotation
- acts as secondary stabilizer when collateral ligaments are injured
- prevents femur from sliding anteriorly (forward)
49
(knee ligament) collateral ligament
stabilize the knee against valgus/varus (side to side) forces
50
What ligament is apart of the collateral ligament
MCL and LCL
51
(MCL) medial collateral ligament
- protect knee from valgus force (force to outside of knee)
- attaches to medial meniscus
52
(LCL) lateral collateral ligament
- protect knee from varus force (force to inside of knee)
53
(knee muscle) Quadriceps
form the patellar tendon to extend the knee
54
What muscle is apart of the quadriceps
rectus femoris
vastus medialis oblique
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
55
(knee muscle) Hamstrings
attach to the back of the tibia to flex the knee
56
What is muscle is apart of the hamstrings
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
57
(knee muscle) Popliteus
small muscle in the posterior aspect of the knee responsible for terminal knee extension
58
Nerves for the knee
tibial nerve
common peroneal nerve
59
blood supply of the knee
popliteal artery
60
movements of the knee
flexion
extension
internal rotation
external rotation
61
prevention of knee injury
- physical conditioning
- rehab
- shoe type
- knee braces
62
knee stress test
used to assess joint stability performed by applying a specific stress to the joining and assessing the amount of motion
63
grade 1 knee sprain
grade 2 knee sprain
grade 3 knee sprain
limited motion, firm endpoint, no pain
limited motion, firm endpoint, mild pain
very increased motion, very soft endpoint, severe pain
64
a positive valgus stress test is....
a positive varus stress test is.... positive Lachamn's stress test is....
Anterior drawer test is....
Posterior drawer test is....
....MCL sprain
....LCL sprain
....ACL sprain
.....ACL sprain
......PCL sprain
65
meniscus injury tests
appleys compression test
McMurray's compression test
66
patellofemoral injury test
patellar glides
67
True of False - The hip is one of the strongest and most stable joints in the body
True
68
Why is the hip the most strongest and stable
- strong ligaments
- strong joint capsule
- strong musculature
69
(hip bone) Femur
longest, strongest bone in the body for maximal support and mobility in weight-bearing
70
What bones are apart of the femur
- femoral shaft
- greater trochanter
- femoral neck
- femoral head
71
What bones are apart of the femur
- femoral shaft
- greater trochanter
- femoral neck
- femoral head
72
how many innominate bones
2
73
Bones of the hip
Illium
Ischium
Pubis
Sacrum
Coccyx
74
What bones are apart of the ilium
iliac crest
anterior superior iliac spine
anterior inferior iliac spine
acetabulum
75
what bones are apart of the ischium
ischial tuberosity
76
pelvis
bony ring formed by the 2 innominate bones, the sacrum and coccyx
77
functions of the pelvis
- skeletal support of spine and trunk
- transfer their weight to lower limbs
- serves as a place for attachment for muscles
- protect pelvic organs
78
(hip joint) femoral head
sits in the acetabulum to form a ball and socket joint
79
(hip joint) what is apart of the femoral head
acetabular labrum - cup-shaped rim of cartilage to reinforce the joint
80
(hip) SI (Sacroiliac joint)
gliding joint forced by the sacrum and ilium
81
(hip) pubis symphysis
2 pubic bones held together by cartilage
82
Ligaments of the hip
iliofemoral
ischiofemoral
pubofemoral
ligamentum teres
inguinal ligament
83
(thigh muscle) anteriorly
Quadricep - extend the knee
Rectus femoris - flex the hip
vastus intermedius
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis oblique
84
(thigh muscle) posterior
quadricep - flex the knee
bicep femoris - extend the hip
semitendinosus
semimembranous
85
(thigh muscle) medial - groin region
gracilis
pectineus
adductor magnus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
86
(thigh muscle) medial - groin region
gracilis
pectineus
adductor magnus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
87
hip muscle (anterior)
hip flexors
- iliacus
- psoas major
- psoas minor
- rectus femoris
88
hip muscle (posterior)
Hip abductor - together these form the IT band
tensor fascia latae
gluteus medius
Hip extensors
- glutes Maximus
bicep femoris
Hip internal rotator
- gluteus minimus
Hip external rotators
- superior gemellus
- inferior gemellus
- obturator internus
- obturator externus
- obturator femoris
89
nerve supply
femoral nerve - anterior
sciatic nerve - posterior
obturator nerve - medial
90
blood supply
femoral artery
91
movements of the hip
hip flexion
hip extension
hip adduction
hip abduction
hip internal rotation
hip external rotation
92
prevention to hip injuries
dynamic warm up
strength and flexibility
93
Leg length discrepancy test
femur or tibia is shorter, pelvic tilt of muscle imbalance
94
kendall/thomas test
test on hip flexor
95
patrick (faber) test
SI joint dysfuction
96
Trendelenburgs test
test on the gluteus medius
97
function of the shoulder
allows for great degree of mobility but lacks stability
98
shoulder has dynamic movement and stabilization of the integrated function of the
rotator cuff muscles
joint capsule
muscles that stabilize and position the scapula
99
Bones of the shoulder
Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
100
Bones of the scapula
spine of the scapula
acromion
coracoid process
glenoid cavity
superior angle
lateral border
medial border
inferior angle
101
bones of the humerus
humeral head
greater tubercle
less tubercle
bicipital groove
deltoid tuberosity
humeral shaft
102
articulations of the shoulder
sternoclavicular joint - gliding
acromioclavicular joint - gliding
glenohumeral joint - ball and socket
scapulothoracic joint - not a true joint
103
ligaments of the shoulder
sternoclavicular ligament
acromioclavicular ligament
coracoclavicular ligament
coracoacromial ligament
coracohumeral ligament
glenohumeral ligament
104
transverse humeral ligament
keeps bicep tendon in bicipital groove
105
shoulder muscles can be separated into what groups
3 different
106
What shoulder muscles originate on the axial skeleton and attach to the humerus
pectoralis major
latissimus dorsi
107
What shoulder muscles originate on the scapula and attach to the humerus
deltoid
teres major
coracobrachialis
bicep brachii
tricep brachii
rotator cuff (SITS)
108
what is apart of the roator cuff
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
109
What shoulder muscles originate on the axial skeleton and attach to the scapula
levator scapula
trapezius
rhomboids
serratus anterior
110
nerve for the shoulder
brachial plexus
111
blood supply of the shoulder
subclavian artery
axillary artery
brachial artery
112
What does glenohumeral joint mean
shoulder
113
what are the movements of the shoulder
flex
extend
abduct
adduct
external rotation
internal rotation
circumduction
114
scapular movement of the shoulder
elevation
depression
protraction
retraction
upward rotation
downward
115
prevention of shoulder injuries
upper body conditioning
rotator cuff strengthing
dynamic warmups
learn proper falling
proper equipment
correct technique
116
bones of the elbow
humerus
radius - thumb side
ulna - pinky side
carpals
117
what are the bones apart of the humerus
lateral epicondyle
medial epicondyle
118
what are the bones apart of the radius
head of the radius
radial styloid process
119
how many carpals are in the wrist
8
120
What are the bones of the ulna?
olecranon process and ulnar styloid process
121
What does the proximal row articulate with?
The radius and the ulna
122
Proximal row carpals?
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform
123
What does the distal row articulate with?
the metacarpals
124
distal row carpals?
Trapezoid, Capitate, Trapezium, Hamate
125
how many metacarpals
5
126
how many phalanges
14
127
What are the articulations of the elbow?
Humeroulnar Joint - hinge joint
Humeroradial Joint - hinge joint
Proximal Radioulnar Joint - pivot joint
128
What are the articulations of the forearm?
Proximal and distal radioulnar joints
129
What is the articulations of the fingers
MCP joint and PIP joint
130
What is the ligament of the elbow?
What do they each do and another name?
Ulnar collateral (Medial collateral lig) - protects from valgus
Radial Collateral (Lateral collateral lig) - protects from varus
Annular - forms a sling around the radial head for free rotation
131
What is the ligament of the forearm? Motion?
Interosseous membrane - holds the radius and ulna together
132
What are the ligaments for the wrist?
what do they each do and their action?
Ulnar Collateral ligament - protects wrist from valgus
Radial Collateral ligament - protects wrist from varus
Flexor Retinaculum - (palmar of wrist) holds flexor tendon in place
Extensor Retinaculum - (dorsal of wrist) holds extensor tendon in place
133
What are the ligaments of the fingers?
What do they each do and their action?
Medial Collateral Ligament - protects IP joints from valgus
Lateral Collateral Ligament - Protects IP joint from varus
Volar Plate - a thick joint capsule on the palmar surface of the IP joint
134
What is the action :
Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
elbow flexion
135
what is the action :
triceps brachii
elbow extension
136
what is the action :
pronator teres
pronator quadratus
forearm pronation
137
what is the action :
brachioradialis
flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
wrist flexion
138
what is the action :
extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
extensor carpi ulnaris
wrist extension
139
what is the action :
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor pollicis longus and brevis (thumb only)
flexor digiti minimi (pinky only)
finger flexion
140
what is the action :
extensor digitorum communis
extensor digiti minimi (pinky only)
extensor indicis (pointer finger only)
extensor pollicis longus and brevis (thumb only)
finger extension
141
what is the action :
lumbricals
abductor digiti minimi (pinky only)
abductor pollicis longus and brevis (thumb only)
finger abduction
142
what is the action :
dorsal interosseous
adductor pollicis (thumb only)
finger adduction
143
what is the action :
opponens digiti minimi
opponens pollicis
opposition
144
What are the nerves of the elbow
Ulnar nerve
Median Nerve
Radial Nerve
145
Whats the blood supply of the elbow
brachial artery
146
movements of the elbow
flex, extend
147
movements of the forearm
supinate and pronate
148
movements of the wrist
flex, extend, ulnar deviation (bringing pinky to forearm), radial deviation (thumb to forearm), circumduction
149
movements of the fingers
flex, extend,
ONLY AT MCP JOINTS
- adduction
- abduction
- circumduction
- opposition
150
What is De Quervain’s Syndrome? Test? Cause?
It is like gamers thumb
It’s caused by repetitive strains
Finklesteins Test
151
What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
Median nerve becomes squeezed at the wrist from
inflammation of tendons
152
What is Trigger Finger?
Overuse. Finger gets stuck bent then straightens with a snap. Usually flexors
153
What is Mallet Finger (extensor tendon avulsion) (DIP)?
a direct blow
154
What is Boutonniere Deformity?
Rupture of extensor tendon (PIP)
155
What is Jersey Finger?
Rupture of flexor digitorum usually middle finger
156
What is Gamekeeper’s Thumb?
UCL sprain of MCP from forceful abduction
