Sports med unit 3

Question 1

What is room tempature

Answer 1

23C

Question 2

What is normal body temp

Answer 2

37C

Question 3

what is hyperthermia?

Answer 3

an abnormally high body temp caused by high tempature

Question 4

what is sweating?

Answer 4

the bodies major function to cool itself off

Question 5

what do you lose when you sweat?

Answer 5

potassium and sodium

Question 6

why does sweating cause cramps?

Answer 6

because sweating depletes the body of electrolytes (sodium and potassium)

Question 7

What is the average heart rate?

Answer 7

60 BPM

Question 8

what does BPM stand for

Answer 8

Beats per minute

Question 9

what does dehydration cause

Answer 9

vasocontriction and stops the sweating process

Question 10

what is vasoconstriction?

Answer 10

the narrowing (constriction) of blood vessels by small muscles in their walls.

Question 11

Does dehydration affect performance?

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

Why are cold drinks good after excersise

Answer 12

Cold drinks empty from the stomach into the intestine (which can enter the bloodstream) faster

Question 13

what causes muscle cramps?

Answer 13

not having enough electrolytes or overworking a muscle

Question 14

Symptoms of hyperthermic injuries?

Answer 14

Cramps
Nausea
Feverish
Heat exhaustion
The body will conserve fluids and stop sweating
The body will soon go unconscious

Question 15

Symptoms of heat exhaustion?

Answer 15

Profuse sweating
Cool, clammy, pale/red skin
Slow, shallow breathing
Rapid and weak pulse
Core temp to 40 degrees
Chills or shivering
Tingling in arms, legs or back

Question 16

Symptoms of heat stroke?

Answer 16

Absence of sweating
Hot, dry red skin
Fast and deep breathing
Rapid and bounding
Core temp >40 degrees
Convulsions
Weird behaviour
Convulsions
Unconsciousness

Question 17

what is hypothermia?

Answer 17

an abnormally low body temperature that can happen when a person is exposed to extremely cold temperatures.

Question 18

Does the air temp have to be below freezing to get hypo thermia?

Answer 18

no

Question 19

hypothermia factors?

Answer 19

Factors: poor nutrition, little exercise, alcohol, wet clothing and certain medical conditions.

Question 20

hypothermia symptoms and signs?

Answer 20

Shivering (may stop at deeper stages)
Numbness
Confusion
Lack of coordination
Body temp <35C

Question 21

what is frostbite?

Answer 21

Frostbite is an injury caused by freezing of the skin and underlying tissues.

Question 22

why is there a high risk of tissue damage when a person gets frostbite?

Answer 22

Water freezing expands and causes the skin cells to burst

Question 23

what is Pulmonary edema

Answer 23

fluid accumulation in the lungs making it very difficult to breather

Question 24

pulmonary edema symptoms

Answer 24

Coughing, headache, weakness, dizziness, unconsciousness

Question 25

what are Macronutrients

Answer 25

Nutrients that provide energy (calories)

Question 26

what are the 3 macronutrients?

Answer 26

Carbohydrates (carbs/CHO)(4cal/gram): provides the body with energy, Fats (9cal/gram): per gram provides the most calories Proteins (4cal/gram)

Question 27

How many calories per gram in carbs

Answer 27

4cal/gram

Question 28

How many calories per gram in fats

Answer 28

(9cal/gram): per gram provides the most calories

Question 29

How many calories per gram in protiens

Answer 29

(4cal/gram)

Question 30

what are Micronutrients

Answer 30

Provide no energy/calories but instead help regulate and maintain normal body functions/processes

Question 31

what are the 3 macronutrients?

Answer 31

Vitamins Minerals Water

Question 32

what are the 5 components to healthy eating

Answer 32

Adequacy: does your diet provide all the essential nutrients Balance: is your nutrition balanced in terms of ratios? Are you meeting or within the proper amount of carbohydrates (60%, 1200 cals or 300g), fats (25%, 500 cals or 56g), and proteins (15%, 300 cals or 75g)? Calorie awareness: aware of consumption of calories Moderation: does your diet contain excess amounts of less healthy nutrients Variety: different foods are used for the same purposes on different occasions

Question 33

what is a concussion?

Answer 33

A concussion is defined as a “traumatically induced alteration in the mental status.”

Question 34

what are the two types of amnesia?

Answer 34

Retrograde amnesia: loss of memory for events that occurred before the injury (breakfast, score, team playing etc) Anterograde Amnesia: is defined as a loss of memory for events that occurred after the injury

Question 35

what are the Challenges coaches/trainers/healthcare professionals have with identifying concussions.

Answer 35

Delayed onset of symptoms: appear fine after the impact but later symptoms show up. No visible indication (bleeding/swelling) that the brain has been damaged Athletes are reluctant to tell anyone that they aren't feeling normal: they want to keep practicing/playing

Question 36

causes of concussions?

Answer 36

Direct blows to the head Landing on your butt Whiplash mechanism etc

Question 37

what is a Contracoup injury

Answer 37

This is a type of movement of the brain inside the skull (the brain is like a yolk in an egg) Pain on the opposite side of where the impact happened because the brain moves the opposite direction.

Question 38

Signs and symptoms of concussions

Answer 38

Headache Vacant stare Confusion Tinitis (ringing in the ears) Nausea/Vomiting Blurred Vision Dizziness

Question 39

what does CTE stand for?

Answer 39

CTE C - chronic T - traumatic E - encephalopathy

Question 40

what does Hyper mean

Answer 40

Hyper - increased

Question 41

what does Hypo mean

Answer 41

Hypo - decreased

Question 42

what does Thermia mean

Answer 42

Thermia - temp

Question 43

what does Humidity mean

Answer 43

Humidity - the percentage of water in the air

Question 44

what does Feverish mean

Answer 44

Feverish - when body temp goes up 2-3 degrees

Question 45

what does Wind chill mean

Answer 45

Wind chill - how much colder the wind will make you feel

Question 46

what does Metabolism mean

Answer 46

Metabolism - How much energy you burn on average

Question 47

what does Altitude mean - how high above sea level

Answer 47

Altitude - how high above sea level

Question 48

what does Encephalon mean - brain

Answer 48

Encephalon - brain

Question 49

what does Chronic mean

Answer 49

Chronic - repeated

Question 50

what does trauma mean

Answer 50

Trauma - impact Pathy - causation/result

Question 51

what does Pathy mean

Answer 51

pathy - causation/result