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Musculoskeletal > Sports Medicine > Flashcards

Sports Medicine Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Spear Tackler’s Spine

A
  • loss of cervical lordosis
  • cervical stenosis
  • arthritic changes
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2
Q

Stinger

A
  • stinging/burning or electric shock sensation
  • arm numbness or weakness
  • C-5 is most common
  • traction/pinching the nerve
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3
Q

C-Spine Fracture-Dislocation

A

Mech: axial load most common
Levels:C5-6 most common
C4-5, C6-7 next

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4
Q

Lower Thoracic Spine Compression Fracture

A

Mech: axial load
fall
Older population

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5
Q

Lumbar Spine: Stress Fracture of Pars

A

Symptoms: Pain in lower back
Rare neuro sx
Treatment: rest, brace, bone growth stimulator

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6
Q

Ruptured Lumbar Disc

A

Symptoms: Pain down leg
Neuro sx
L4-5

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7
Q

Rotator Cuff: Physical Exam

A
  • empty can test (supraspinatus)
  • external rotation, stress test, lag test
  • pseudoparalysis
  • belly press (subscapularis)
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8
Q

Rotator Cuff Muscles

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
subscapularis
teres minor

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9
Q

Treatment of Rotator Cuff

A
  • pain management

- surgery

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10
Q

Shoulder Instability

A 
80-90% are anterior 
dislocations
sublaxations: dislocated, but someone put back in 
             (never fully dislocated)
younger you are: higher recurrence risk
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11
Q

Shoulder Instability

A

closed reduction maneuvers

-sedate patients

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12
Q

Clavicle Fracture

A

most common fracture in the body

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13
Q

OCD Capitellum Etiology:

A

unclear, articular forces during throwing, compressive loads, excessive axial loading (gymnists, lifters), 10-15 y/o, 85% males

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14
Q

OCD Capitellum Symptoms

A

dull, poorly loccalized elbow pain

  • aggravated with use, relieved with rest
  • loose body, catching, locking of elbow
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15
Q

OCD Capitellum Treatment

A

Nonoperative: activity limitation, RICE, physical activity
Operative:

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16
Q

Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture

A
  • Functional deficits: elbow flexion, forearm rotation

- rarely operate

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17
Q

Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injures

A
  • pain, tenderness inner side of elbow, especially when throwing
  • swelling and bruising at inner elbow
  • inability throw at full speed, loss of control
  • elbow stiffness
  • numbness/tingling in ring and little fingers
  • clumsiness/weakness of hand grip
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18
Q

Treatment for Ulnar Collateral Ligament

A

Tommy John Procedure

-take palmaras longus muscle and weave it around

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19
Q

Scaphoid Fracture

A
  • wrist pain
  • hard to see fracture
  • difficult to heal
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20
Q

Metacarpal Fracture

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A

3rd metacarpal fracture
-normally just heal on own (cast for comfort)
-functionally fine, knuckle may be lower
4th-boxer’s fracture

21
Q

PIP Joint Dislocation

Study These Flashcards
A

fix: increase deformity then pop back on

22
Q

Jersey Finger

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A

flexor tendon injury

  • avulse funds tendon from attachment of distal phalanx - can’t bend
  • fix with surgery
23
Q

Mallet Finger

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A

extensor tendon injury

  • need x-ray to verify not bone
  • splint 6-8 weeks
24
Q

Pelvic Avulsion Fractures

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A
  • strong muscular contraction during sports activities
  • skeletally immature patients
  • pan and popping sensation at site of fracture
  • most common sites: ASIS, AIIS, IT
25
Pelvic Avulsion Fractures Treatment
Nonoperative: rest, activity limitation, rehab Operative: reattachment of tendon
26
Hip: Labral Tears
Symptoms: groin pain, clicking/snapping of hip | -limited motion of hip joint
27
FAI
Femoralacetabular impingment - cam lesion-bony buildup on neck of femur - pincer lesion-acetaublar side (bony buildup) - combined lesion
28
Meniscal Injuries
Semilunar cartilage of the knee Treatment: nonoperative -repair -remove
29
Knee Ligament Injuries
- anterior cruciate - posterior cruciate - medial collateral - lateral collateral
30
Quadriceps/Hamstring Tears
very common -once one happens, prone to get more -muscle heals with scare tissue PRP (platelet rich plasma) with healing factors and inject into tear sight
31
ACL injury
- noncontact deceleration, jumping, or cutting (70%) - external forces applied to knee (MCL) - 80% sports related - knee is "hyperextended", 70% hear/feel pop, knee seems to pop out of joint and then reduce - fall to ground, walking difficult - knee swells within hours (hemarthrosis)
32
ACL injury Gender/Causes
Female 2-4X increase in basketball, soccer, rugby, volleyball Extrinsic: body movement, muscle strength Intrinsic: joint laxity, hormonal influences, limb alignment, notch dimensions, ligament size
33
ACL physical exam
``` Lachman test: most sensitive (95%) -increased excursion relative to opposite knee -lack of firm end point Pivot Shift: -relaxed patient -intact MCL -reproduces pathologic motion ```
34
ACL MRI
95-100% accurate -non-orthogonal plane-knee external rotated 15 deg (usually catches entire ACL in one frame) -identify associated meniscal/chondral injures, collateral ligaments -bone bruises-LFC (mid1/3), LTP(post1/3)
35
ACL Treatment
Nonoperative: low-demand patients with less laxity Operative: higher demand, active patients - reduces incidence of chondral & meniscal injury
36
PCL injury
5% -mechanism: direct blow to the tibia (dashboard injury) -fall on flexed knee -hyperextension posterior sag treatment: nonoperative: PRICE, immobilization, rehab operative: arthroscopic reconstruction
37
MCL/LCL injuries
- MCL>LCL - LCL usually associated with other injuries - Direst (MCL) outward (LCL) - Non-contact: pivoting, awkward landing, sliding into base
38
MCL/LCL Treatment
unually non-operative unless associated with other ligament injuries
39
Knee Dislocations
- high-velocity -MVA, falls>5 feet - low-velocity-sports, fall<5 feet - ultra-low velocity-ADL, obese - multiple ligament repair/reconstruction procedures * **neurovascular injury***
40
Peroneal Nerve injury
~26% of knee dislocation | -1/2 result in permanent neurological deficit
41
Popliteal artery injury
~24% | -86% amputation rate for revascularization > 8 hours
42
OCD/Chondral Injuries of the Knee
- Cause: vasuclar, traumatic, genetic - Symptoms: pain, joint popping/locking, joint weakness, decreased ROM, swelling/tenderness - Treatment: micorfracture, fixation of fragment, OATS (move parts of bone)
43
Ankle Sprains
Lateral ligament (inversion) - most common Syndesmosis (high ankle) sprain Nonoperative: boot, corset, physical therapy Operative: lateral lig reconstruction, fixation of syndesmosis
44
5th Metatarsal Fracture
- Pseudo-Joones fracture - Jones fracture - Stress Fracture
45
TIbial Stress Fracture
- anterior - dreaded black line - delayed union - nonunion - acute fracture
46
Lisfranc Injuries
midfoot tarsal-metatarsal region swelling
47
Turf Toe
hyperdorsiflex big toe tear the plate rest, carbonfiber insert
48
Achilles Tendon Tears
- pop or snap, followed by sharp pain - swelling near heal - inability to stand on toes - inability to push off with injured leg - peak age 30-40 y/o
49
Achilles Tendon Tears Exam
- resting position of foot - palpable defect - swelling - Thompson test * *open repair, percutaneous repair**

Musculoskeletal (19 decks)

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