Sports Medicine Lesson 4

Question 1

The time from when someone gets infected to when symptoms start is called the?

Answer 1

Incubation period

Question 2

What is the infectious period?

Answer 2

The time in which a person can spread disease

Question 3

Who are carriers?

Answer 3

People that have no symptoms but can still infect other

Question 4

What is case fatality/mortality rate?

Answer 4

A measure of the severity of a disease - proportion of people that die from the infection

Question 5

Define basic reproductive rate/ R-Nougat?

Answer 5

Describes how infectious a disease is; the average number of secondary cases that occurs as a result of one infected person

Question 6

Define Secondary Attack rate:

Answer 6

Proportion of people exposed who get the disease

Question 7

What are bloodborne pathogens and give 3 examples?

Answer 7

Microorganisms that are present in human
blood and can infect and cause disease in
people who are exposed to blood containing
the pathogen

Ex. HIV, Hepatitis B &C

Question 8

What is AIDS caused by and what it do?

Answer 8

It’s caused by HIV and y damaging your immune system, HIV interferes with your body’s ability to fight the organisms that cause disease.

Question 9

What category does HIV goes into?

Answer 9

STI (its a sexually transmitted disease)

Question 10

How can HIV be spread?

Answer 10

• By sexual fluids
• Infected blood
• Mother to child during pregnancy
• childbirth
• breastfeeding

Question 11

What happens when you get HIV

Answer 11

HIV weakens your immune system over the years and by then it’s turned into AIDS

Question 12

Is there any cure for AIDS?

Answer 12

No but there are medications that can dramatically slow the progression of the disease.

Question 13

What is viral hepatitis

Answer 13

Its an inflammation of the liver due to a viral infection

Question 14

What are the 3 main types of hepatitis

Answer 14

Hepatitis A,B,C

Question 15

How is Hepatitis A transmitted?

Answer 15

Ingestion of contaminated food & water

Direct contact with an infected person

Question 16

How can you prevent and treat Hepatitis A?

Answer 16

Prevention: Proper hygiene & Vaccination

There is no treatment

Question 17

How can you diagnose Hepatitis A?

Answer 17

Blood screening, PCR test to detect the virus RNA

Question 18

How is Hepatitis B transmitted?

Answer 18

Contact with infected body fluids, mother-child transmission, infected blood or organ transfer

Question 19

How can you prevent and treat Hepatitis B?

Answer 19

Vaccination, blood screening and improved hygiene

Treatment: Nucleolus ide analogs, pegylated interferon

Question 20

How is Hepatitis C transmitted?

Answer 20

Intravenous drug use, poorly sterilized medical equipment, blood transfusion or organ transplant

Question 21

How can you prevent and treat Hepatitis C?

Answer 21

Blood screening, Sanitary healthcare settings, sterile needle for drug injections

Treatment: Direct acting antiviral agents

Question 22

What are 8 symptoms for Hepatitis A,B,C?

Answer 22

Fever, Fatigue, Loss of appetite, Nausea, Abdominal Pain, Joint Pain & Jaundice

Question 23

What are 5 ways bloodborne pathogens can enter the body?

Answer 23

• Open cuts, wounds or abrasions on the skin
• Mucus membranes (eyes, nose, mouth)
• Indirect transmission
• Sexual Contact
• Sharp Injuries (needles)

Question 24

What are the 2 universal precautions?

Answer 24

• Infection control guidelines designed to protect workers from exposure to diseases spread by blood and certain body fluids
• Treat every patient as potentially infectious

Question 25

What are 3 examples of universal precautions?

Answer 25

- Personal and protective equipment - Engineering controls - Work practice controls

Question 26

What does personal and protective equipment consist of?

Answer 26

Gloves, Lab coats, gowns, shoe covers, goggles, glasses with side shields, masks, resuscitation bags

Question 27

What does engineering controls consist of?

Answer 27

- Sharp disposal containers | - Laboratory fume hoods

Question 28

What does work practice controls consist of?

Answer 28

Hand washing, handling of used needles and other sharp and contaminated instruments, collecting and transporting fluids

Question 29

Define airborne diseases and give 5 examples?

Answer 29

Pathogen transmitted by droplets that can suspend and circulate in air (measles, chicken pox, shingles, flu, pneumonia)

Question 30

Define contact or droplet diseases and give 4 examples?

Answer 30

Spread through direct or indirect contact (fomites/surfaces) with bacteria or viruses (Ebola, pink eye, athlete’s foot, tetanus)

Question 31

Define Zoonotic and Vector Borne Diseases and give 5 examples?

Answer 31

Caused by infectious agents being transferred between humans and animals directly or via an intermediate carrier such as through bats or fleas. (Lyme Disease, Lyme in Alberta, Zika, Malaria, Rabies, West Nile virus, Avian Bird Flu)

Question 32

Define Fecal-Oral Disease Transmission and give 5 examples?

Answer 32

Caused when fecal particles are spread to mouth of a person due to poor sanitation or poor hygiene practices. Contaminated soil and water can infect humans too. Wash hands after changing a diaper or using the bathroom can prevent foodborne illness from spreading. (cholera, typhoid, diarrhea, polio and hepatitis A).

Question 33

What is herd immunity?

Answer 33

The resistance to the spread of a contagious disease within a population that results if a sufficiently high proportion of individuals are immune to the disease, especially through vaccination

Question 34

What is the level of vaccination needed to achieve herd immunity?

Answer 34

The level of vaccination needed to achieve herd immunity varies by disease but ranges from 83 to 94 percent.

Question 35

What is the exposure plan?

Answer 35

Document which sets out the protocol which should be followed to prevent communicable disease, and to respond when a worker is exposed to a communicable disease

Question 36

How many time does the average person touch their face?

Answer 36

2-3000 times a day

Question 37

The rate at which a virus multiplies depends on what 3 factors?

Answer 37

- The incubation period - How long a person is contagious - How big the population of people which are susceptible is

Question 38

What is the Ro for the flu, small pox and polio

Answer 38

Flu= 1, Smallpox = 3, Polio = 4-6