Spring 2 Flashcards

Question

Gliding motions at the knee

Answer 1

Lateral/Medial Anterior/Posterior Anteromedial (EXT rot)/Posterolateral (INT rot) Fibular head motion

Answer 2

"when an individual’s homeostatic mechanisms are overwhelmed or when the degree of pathological change becomes structurally incapable of resisting gravitational force”

Answer 3

``` Forward head posture Straitening of cervical lordosis Extension of upper cervical spine Increased kyphosis at cervicothoracic junction Internal rotation of the shoulder girdle ```

Answer 4

``` Anterior pelvic tilt Increased lumbar lordosis Hypermobility of L4-5/L5-S1 levels Decreased ability to sit up Decreased forward bending ```

Answer 5

Levoscoliosis: C curve Dextroscoliosis: backwards C curve

Answer 6

Line across top of superior vertebra of curve Line across bottom of inferior vertebra of curve Perpendicular lines off both lines Angle of intersection is Cobb angle Need at least 10 ° Cobb angle to diagnose scoliosis.

Answer 7

``` Grade 1: 25% ossification Grade 2: 50% ossification Grade 3: 75% ossification Grade 4: 100% ossification Grade 5: fusion of ossified epiphysis to the ```

Answer 8

``` Consider surgery Cobb angle +50◦: Compromises respiratory function Cobb angle +75◦: Compromises cardiovascular function ```

Answer 9

Sacral base unlevel Anterior innominate (side of short leg/opposite sidebending of spine to cause a relative lengthening of the short leg) Pelvic side shift (away from short leg/toward side bending of spine) Internal rotation of long leg Pronation of foot of long leg

Answer 10

Heel Lift: Dynamic Ongoing Assessment & Adjustments “Fragile Patient” (arthritic, elderly, acute pain) – begin with 1/16in lift and lift no more than 1/16in every 2 weeks If spine is flexible & no more than mild-to-moderate strain is noted in the myofascial system, begin with 1/8in lift and lift at rate no faster than 1/16 in per week, or 1/8in every 2 weeks If recent & sudden loss of leg length on one side (ie. Fx, surgery, lift full amount that was lost) Max lift in shoe is 1/4in. If more lift is needed, must add it to the outside of the shoe

Answer 11

OMT Assessment Body Flexed at waist & SB Left R Pelvic Shift L foot everted L psoas Spasm with restricted hip extension Sacrum rotated on L oblique axis R Piriformis spasm with Pain radiating down R leg to his knee

Answer 12

the distribution of body mass in relation to gravity over a base of support”

Answer 13

Continual adaptation of muscular tone in response to gravitational influences intrinsic and extrinsic factors

Answer 14

bone remodels over time in response to the stresses placed upon it

Answer 15

“Scoliosis is the presence of 1 or more lateral rotatory curves of the spine in the coronal plane. Although defined as a side-to-side deformity, it is a 3-dimensional (3D) rotational deformity.” (Rajiah, 2013).

Answer 16

Sacral base unlevel Anterior innominate (side of short leg/opposite sidebending of spine to cause a relative lengthening of the short leg) Pelvic side shift (away from short leg/toward side bending of spine) Internal rotation of long leg Pronation of foot of long leg

Answer 17

Serratus Anterior, Levator Scapulae, Rhomboid Major, Rhomboid Minor, Trapezius, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis, Teres Minor, Teres Major, Deltoid, Pectoralis Minor, Coracobrachialis, Triceps Brachii, Biceps Brachii, Omohyoid

Answer 18

Protraction of scapula: Serratus Anterior Retraction of the scapula: Trapezius, Rhomboid Major and Minor Upward Rotation: Serratus Anterior Downward Rotation: Rhomboids, Serratus Anterior Depression of the scapula: Trapezius, Pectoralis Minor Elevation of the scapula: Trapezius, Levator Scapulae, rhomboids

Answer 19

``` Relief of acute neck pain Reduction subacute or chronic neck pain Short-term relief of tension headache Relief of cervicogenic headache Relief of acute migraine symptoms ```

Answer 20

Vertebrobasilar accident | Natural spontaneous occurrence rate nearly twice that associated with cervical HVLA

Answer 21

``` Enters C-spine between TP of C6-7 Exits superior to TP of C1 Turns posterior over posterior arch of atlas C1 Enters foramen magnum Forms Basilar Artery Bony protection of Artery Extension can “kink” artery ```

Answer 22

Overextension!!

Answer 23

Osteoporosis/Osteomyelitis/Fracture | Rheumatoid Arthritis/Downs

Answer 24

``` Acute Whiplash Pregnancy Post OP Herniated Disk Anticoagulants Vertebral Artery Ischemia ```

Answer 25

``` -MCP contact on side of restriction Flex to segment Slightly extend at and above segment -rotate into restriction, side bend ease OR opposite. Quick thrust ```

Answer 26

AA- Rotational Thrust C2-4-Rotary Thrust C4-7- Side Bending Thrust

Answer 27

Sidebending and rotation to opposite sides | Main motion is flexion/extension

Answer 28

``` Chin left Left rotation Right sidebending L condyle moves back R condyle stuck ``` ESrightRleft ``` Chin right Right rotation Left sidebending R condyle moves back L condyle stuck ``` ESleftRright

Answer 29

``` Chin left Left rotation Right sidebending Right condyle moves forward Left condyle stuck ``` FSrightRleft With restriction in extension, rotation is to the side of the stuck condyle

Answer 30

Upper trap Levator scapulae Pec minor

Answer 31

Middle and lower trap Rhomboids Serratus anterior

Answer 32

``` Iliopsoas Erector spinae Hamstrings Adductors Quadratus lumborum ```

Answer 33

Vastus medialis/lateralis Tibialis anterior gluteal muscles rectus abdominus

Answer 34

Preparatory Techniques: “Milking” and “figure 8” 1) Elbow Flexed: Extend & Flex at Shoulder 2) Elbow Extended: Extend & Flex at Shoulder 3) Elbow Flexed: Abducted Circumduction 4) Elbow Extended: Abducted Circumduction 5) Elbow Flexed (grasp physician’s forearm): External Rotation/Adduction 6) Elbow Flexed (Dorsal surface of palm contacts back): Abduction/Internal Rotation 7) Stretching and cooling down: “Milking” and “figure 8”

Answer 35

Posterior TP down on table.

Answer 36

``` Mastoid process Shoulders Inferior angles of scapula Iliac crest Popliteal Crease ```

Answer 37

``` External Auditory Meatus Lateral head of humerus Body of L3 Greater trochanter Middle of tibial plateau Anterior aspect of lateral malleolus ```

Answer 38

muscles that function as stabilizers by constantly keeping a low tone and when dysfunctional become hypertonic from excess stimulation (postural muscles)

Answer 39

muscles that function as mobilizers and only function for a short period of time; when dysfunctional become weak due to inhibition (phasic muscles)

Answer 40

Scoliosis is the presence of 1 or more lateral rotatory curves of the spine in the coronal plane. Although defined as a side-to-side deformity, it is a 3-dimensional (3D) rotational deformity.

Spring 2 Flashcards

(64 cards)