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Compound My Ass ( P2 Fall) > Spring Exam 1 > Flashcards

Spring Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

definition of ointments

A

USP: semisolid preparations intended for external application to the skin or mucous membranes
–loosely to include: pastes, creams, gels, plasters, poultices (all semisold topicals)
UNG (latin): fatty substance

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2
Q

Specific definition of ointments

A
  • an unofficial specific classification for oleaginous topicals (petrolatum, lanolin or other semisolid oil/grease based preps)
  • insoluble in water, not water washable, emollient, occlusive & greasy
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3
Q

Levigation - when is it used?

A
  • powders must be insoluble in UNG base
  • to make smooth
  • particle size reduction
  • minimal amount of base
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4
Q

what is incorporation?

A

-the processes of combining semi-solid masses

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5
Q

when do you use geometric?

A

-used with “geometric incorporation”

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6
Q

What are levigating agents?

A
  • often not specified by the prescriber
  • SA, not necessary to call physician, use professional judgement
  • optional (when not specified)
  • always used in a MINIMAL amount!
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7
Q

When are levigating agents used?

A
  • used to facilitate wetting of powders & incorporation efficiency
  • powders must be insoluble with the agent
  • ideally a low molecular weight version of the base itself or a low viscosity agent compatible with the base
  • EXs: mineral oil (use with petrolatum), glycerin (use with PEG) & low molecular weight PEG (use with PEG)
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8
Q

what are solubilization agents?

A
  • should be compatible with the UNG base itself or a suitable adjunct absorption base
  • used to facilitate compounding efficiency
  • powder must be soluble with the agent
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9
Q

Scenario: a solid, oil-soluble drug to be incorporated with petrolatum

A

1) dissolve the drug in a minimal amount of mineral oil (on the ointment slab)
2) incorporate (geometrically if needed) oil solution with the petrolatum

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10
Q

Scenario: a solid, water-soluble drug is to be incorporated with petrolatum

A

1) dissolve the drug in a minimal amount of distilled H2O (usually on the ointment slab)
2) incorporate the solution in a minimal amount of an appropriate absorption base
3) incorporate the above with the petrolatum

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11
Q

Scenario: a solid, powder substance is to be incorporated in an ointment base in which it it NOT soluble

A

1) levigate the powder in a minimal amount of the base (or levigating agent)
2) incorporate the remaining ointment base with the product

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12
Q

Definition of creams

A
  • USP: creams are semisolid dosage forms containing one or more drug substances dissolved or dispersed in a suitable base
  • separate USP classification reserved for water-removable/soluble ointments
  • usually not termed an ointment
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13
Q

Definition of gels

A

USP: gels are semisolid systems consisting of either suspensions made up of small inorganic particles or large organic molecules interpenetrated by a liquid
–> a specific type of ointment

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14
Q

Definition of pastes

A

USP: pastes are semisolid dosage forms that contain one or more drug substances intended for topical application
-generally high viscosity: stiff, protective property, generally an ointment with >20% w/w powder = paste

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15
Q

How are ointments generally used?

A
  • application to the skin/mucous membranes

- external use only –> exceptions = gels! (mylanta gelcaps, metrogel)

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16
Q

Topical ointments

A
  • applied to the tissues in which the element actually exists
    ex) hydrocortisone to a rash
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17
Q

Transdermal ointments

A

-site of application may be the same but the intent is for the active ingredient to become systemically distributed through absorption into the blood

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18
Q

Ointment uses: emollient*

A
  • a substance that has the ability to help promote the moisturization of tissues that it comes into contact with
  • ->*an ointment product may or may not exhibit these properties
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19
Q

is an ointment protective?*

A

yes! depending on the viscosity & stiffness of the individual base, one may be more protective than the other

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20
Q

Is an ointment a medication vehicle?*

A

usually yes, but maybe not –> can have active ingredient or are sometimes just used for their protective or emollient properties alone

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21
Q

Use of ointment as a term *(both general & specific)

A
  • general: ointment = semi-solid

* specific: ointment = oleaginous/hydrocarbon base class

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22
Q

what is the ideal ointment?

A
  • spreads easily, compatible with tissues (non-irritating, hypoallergenic, non-abrasive, isotonic)
  • smooth & pliable, softens or melts at body temp, easily removed, ready release of medication & doesnt stain skin or clothing
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23
Q

what stability characteristics do we wants in an ointment?

A

physical, chemical, microbiologic

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24
Q

What are some ointment bases? (5)

A

1) hydrocarbon/oleaginous
2) anhydrous absorption
3) water in oil emulsion (topical)
4) oil in water emulsion (oral)
5) water soluble

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25
Q

anhydrous

A

-contains no water

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26
Q

absorbs water

A

-able to form an emulsion upon the addition of energy

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27
Q

emollient

A

does it have the ability to promote moisturization of the tissues that is comes into contact with

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28
Q

occlusive

A

-does it have the ability to shut off the free exchange of gases between the inside & the outside of the skin

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29
Q

Hydrocarbon/oleaginous bases (only listing the YES properties)

A
  • emollient
  • occlusive
  • greasy
  • anhydrous (does not contain water in their pure form)

EAT OLD GREASY ASS

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30
Q

Anhydrous Absorption Bases (only listing YES properties)

A
  • anhydrous
  • absorbs water
  • emollient
  • occlusive
  • greasy

EAT OUT ADAMS GREASY ASS

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31
Q

water-in-oil emulsion absorption bases (only listing YES properties)

A
  • absorbs water (somewhat–> since they are already an emulsion, they have some ability to contain water)
  • emollient
  • occlusive
  • greasy

ADAM EATS OLD GREASY

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32
Q

oil-in-water emulsion, water-removable bases (only listing YES properties)

A
  • water washable
  • absorbs water (somewhat)

WET ASS

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33
Q

water soluble bases (only listing YES properties)

A
  • water soluble
  • water washable
  • anhydrous **(does NOT contain water in their pure form but in the manufacturing process, there are some trace amounts of water that are simply there b/c of limitations )
  • absorbs water (somewhat)

WET WASH ADAMS ASS

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34
Q

Hydrocarbon/oleaginous bases (detailed info)

A

-useful when high % of powder (that is insoluble) is to be incorporated into base (10-25% w/w)
Source: petroleum, animal fats/oils, vegetable oils
-wont dry out

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35
Q

Skin Physiology

A
  • pliability of skin is due to moisture content, not oil content
  • skin is moisturized from the inside out
  • occlusive barrier at skin surface minimizes moisture loss due to evaporation
  • washing removed the occlusive barrier
  • repeated washing will result in dry skin
  • > 20 mins of water immersion = needed to moisturize skin from the outside in
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36
Q

Petrolatum (white or yellow details) H/O bases

A
  • purified mixture of semi-solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum
  • high viscosity due to high molecular weight only
  • will not become rancid (self preserving)
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37
Q

Animal fats/oils (details) H/O base

A
  • lard, suet not commonly used today
  • lanolin derivatives (lanolin oil, hydrogenated lanolin)
  • may become rancid
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38
Q

Vegetable oils (details) H/O base

A
  • useful as an additive to lower melting point & to soften a product
  • may be hydrogenated to promote solidification at room temp (crisco- viscosity partially due to H bonds)
  • may become rancid
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39
Q

What is the definition of parenteral?

A

adj: administered by any way other than through the mouth: applied, for ex, to the introduction of drugs or other agents into the body by injection
para enteron: beside from the intestine
parenteral products must be sterile!!

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40
Q

Definition of aseptic technique

A

-the ability of personnel to manipulate sterile preparations, sterile packaging components, & sterile administration devices in a way that excludes the introduction of viable microorganisms

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41
Q

Intravenous injections

A
  • peripheral: injection to the arm or leg

* central: use of a central venous catheter)

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42
Q

Intra-arterial (IA)

A
  • uncommon for the administration of medication –> to the high pressure side of the circulatory system
  • testing (1st pass kinetics, arterial pressure)
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43
Q

Intramuscular (IM)

A

-injection to within muscle tissues

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44
Q

Intrathecal (IT)

A

-injection to the meninges of the spinal cord

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45
Q

Epidural

A

-injection to the tissues surrounding the spinal cord, not the spinal cord itself

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46
Q

intradermal (ID)

A

injection within the skin

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47
Q

Subcutaneous (Sc, SQ)

A

injection beneath the skin

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48
Q

Definition of Sterility

A
  • freedom from all living organisms, an absolute term & no such thing as almost sterile*
  • all parenteral & ophthalmic dosage forms must be sterile!
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49
Q

Health status in terms of sterility

A

-sterile prep personnel should be free from infectious diseases
–> if you have a “cold” and are coughing and/or sneezing stay out of the sterile prep room!
(chills, fever)

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50
Q

Personal Prep for sterile room

A
  • cover both head and facial hair
  • remove cosmetics likely to flake
  • remove finger and wrist jewelry
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51
Q

Hand-washing rules

A
  • scrub hands & arms to elbows
  • plain soap and water not enough for high risk situations (alcohol, chlorhexidine gluconate, iodophors, hexachliphene, parachlorometaxylenol & triclosan)
  • use 3-5ml for 30 secs
  • wash hands even if gloves are to be worn (leakage rate can be more than 50%) also wash hands after gloves removed
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52
Q

Gloves

A
  • selection based on type of compounding, material durability, reliability, comfort & protection from bacteria or hazardous drug penetration
  • for IV room- use SURGICAL gloves
  • change ~1 hour
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53
Q

Glove composition**

A
  • latex
  • vinyl
  • synthetic
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54
Q

Gowns

A
  • should be made of a low-particulate material that protects against bacterial passage and drug permeability
  • Tyvek: standard for non-permeable garments
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55
Q

other coverings (shoes & masks)

A
  • shoe covers & sticky mats (change frequently)
  • masks: don just prior to working in hood, change each time leaving compounding area, surgical masks offer no protection against inhaling of powdered or aerosolized hazardous drugs
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56
Q

LAFS horizontal flow hood

A
  • filtered air is directed toward the pharmacist/tech from a plenum (and HEPA filter) located at the back of the hood
  • most common for general purpose parenteral
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57
Q

BSC Vertical flow hood

A
  • filtered air is directed downward from a plenum (and HEPA filter) located at the top of the hood
  • used for chemo therapy
  • provides more protection for the pharmacist/tech than does the horizontal hood
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58
Q

Laminar Air Flow

A
  • HEPA Filter removes 99.97% of all particles 0.3 microns or larger
  • operate for at least 15 min prior to use –> most institutions require 30 mins
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59
Q

What is the greatest disadvantage of a laminar air flow vibe?

A

a false sense of security

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60
Q

ISO classifications of particulate matter in room air

A

(0.5 um and >) theres a whole chart but basically the smaller the number- the higher the air quality

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61
Q

What are pyrogens?

A
  • metabolic products of living organisms, or the dead microorganisms themselves
  • chemically: lipopolysassharides, soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents
  • aseptic technique (ideally) prevents the introduction of pyrogens to parenteral products
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62
Q

pharmacologic effects of pyrogens

A
  • vary with the microbial source of the pyrogen & pt receiving the injection
  • in man, pyrogenic reaction is fever & chills
  • following injection, latent period 45-90 mins, then rapid rise in body temp, chills, headache & malaise
  • anaphylaxis
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63
Q

Sources of pyrogens

A
  • water used as the solvent
  • containers used in preparation, packaging, storage or administration
  • chemicals used in the preparation of the solution
64
Q

Elimination of pyrogens

A

-dry heat: for metal and glass containers
-chemically: for solutions (disadvantage: can destroy drugs)
-synthetic filter media: 0.22 micron filter
Best approach: prevent them from occurring

65
Q

unnecessary factors for when preparing sterile products

A

talking, laughing, chewing gum, eat/drink

66
Q

CSP risk levels

A

-assigned according to relative possibility that a compounded sterile product might become contaminated

67
Q

*LAFS

A

laminar airflow system

68
Q

*BSC

A

biologic safety cabinet

69
Q

RABS (CAI & CACI)

A

-restricted access barrier system
CAI: compounding aseptic isolator
CACI: compounding aseptic containment isolator

70
Q 
*give an example of each ointment base:
1- H/O
2- anhydrous
3- water in oil emulsion
4-oil in water emulsion
5- water soluble
A 
1- petrolatum
2- aquaphor 
3- eucerin
4- hydrocphilic ointment 
5- polyethylene glycol
71
Q

**Anhydrous absorption bases

A
  • can absorb up to twice their weight in water 1:1 allowance
  • will not dissolve in water
  • forms a W/O emulsion when incorporated with an aqueous substance not emulsions by themselves
  • useful for incorporation of aqueous liquids and/or water soluble drugs to the emulsions internal phase
72
Q

**anhydrous absorption base (round 2)

A

-absorption base means absorptive of water- absorption bases will absorb oil based substances as well
-basic properties very similar to those of oleaginous
bases
Origin: petroleum, animal

73
Q

Hydrophilic Petrolatum

A
  • hydrophilic due to cholesterol and stearyl alcohol content
  • also contains White Wax
74
Q

Lanolin USP (anhydrous)

A
  • less than 0.35% H2O

- allergens: thumbs down from many dermatologists

75
Q

Modified lanolin USP

A

reduced alcohol and detergent content

76
Q

Other petrolatum variations

A

aquaphor, aquabase & polysorb

77
Q

Water-in-oil emulsion absorption bases

A
  • contains water
  • already an emulsion
  • will absorb aqueous substances on a limited scale
  • often used for emollient properties alone, but still suitable for incorporation of drug
78
Q

examples of water-in-oil emulsion absorption bases

A
  • hydrous lanolin (25-30% H2O)
  • cold cream
  • rose water ointment
  • eucerin
  • hydrocream
79
Q

Oil-in-water emulsion water-removable bases

A
  • generally less viscous than other bases
  • often termed “cream”
  • since water is the external phase: water washable (advantage), but dries out easily (disadvantage/advantage), vanishing cream
80
Q

examples of oil-in-water emulsion water-removable bases

A
  • hydrophilic ointment (35-37% H2O, will absorb water, but semi-solid viscosity is eventually lost-lotion)
  • vanishing cream
  • dermabase
  • unibase
81
Q

Water soluble bases

A

(ex- PEG)

  • wide range of viscosity due to wide range of molecular weight
  • polar nature leads to instability & compatibility issues with some drugs
  • irritating to mucous membranes
  • does not contain oil
  • does not contain water
82
Q

Clean rooms: an environment where contamination is limited/controlled:

A

particles, organisms & pyrogens

83
Q

Clean rooms: environmental control:

A

temperature, humidity & relative barometric pressure

84
Q

Clean room design (list all the things in there and they supplies they are made from)

A
  • layout: equipment & traffic flow
  • walls: epoxy coated
  • flooring: seamless, vinyl
  • ceiling system: gasketed, t-grid
  • filtreation/Air flow: HEPA, positive pressure
  • lighting: sealed, gasketed
  • easy clean surfaces
85
Q

Clean room classifications: class 100,000

A
  • particle count not to exceed a total of 100,000 particles per cubic foot of a size 0.5 micron and larger
  • and/or 700 particles per cubic foot of a size 5 microns and larger
86
Q

Clean room classifications: class 100

A
  • particle count not to exceed a total of 100 particles per cubic foot of a size 0.5 micron and larger
  • and/or 0.7 particles per cubic foot of a size 5 micron and larger
87
Q

end product testing: product observation

A
  • container leaks & integrity
  • particulates in solution
  • solution color, volume and odor
88
Q

end product testing: retrospective check:

A
  • calculations
  • ingredients
  • quantities
  • containers
89
Q

end product testing: analytical testing

A
  • evaluates the contents of prepared sterile products

- weight verification (specific gravity), refractometry verification, spectrometry, pH testing, microbial testing

90
Q

Process Validation

A
  • systematically demonstrates that a process will reproducibly meet its claim
  • involves manipulation of microbial growth media according to the aseptic process being validated
  • should schedule process under worst conditions
91
Q

How to validate aseptic processes

A
  • a growth medium: is introduced with a sample of the process being evaluated (product/process sample)
  • the medium will support organisms introduced to the process by the operator
  • the sample must be a product of the same aseptic process being validated
  • should be conducted: at random intervals & without the operator’s knowledge*
92
Q

more stability: 3 things in green

A
  • the extent to which a Rx preparation remains within specified limits in terms of: chemical composition, physical composition & microbiologic activity/contamination
  • at the time of use a medication must be: at the stated potency & safe for administration to the pt
93
Q

Product stability:

A

is subject to specific storage conditions & is the primary basis for an expiration date/time

94
Q

Lyophilzation

A
  • drugs in solution tend to be less stable than those in dry or suspended form
  • a process of rapid freezing & drying under high vacuum (sublimation), the product is a dry powder
95
Q

Sterilization

A
  • 0.22 micron filter

- autoclave

96
Q

antioxidants

A
  • metasulfite & sulfite ions

- sodium salts, potassium salts (metabisulfite, bisulfite & sulfite)

97
Q

Inert and semi-inert gasses

A

nitrogen, carbon dioxide & helium

98
Q

Particulate matter

A

-may be present in parenteral products: undesirable, unintentional, potentially harmful to the pt, mobile, undissolved substances

99
Q

Sources of particulate matter

A
  • IV solution and/or additives: manufacturing process
  • packaging components: paper, cardboard
  • IV tubing/sets and administration devices
  • preparation processes: laminar flow hood, patient bedside
100
Q

IV fluid incompatibility*

A
  • occurs when a drug is combined with an IV fluid or another drug, to produce by physiochemical means, a product unsuitable for administration to the patient *
    ex: phenytoin in D5W (a physical & chemical incompatibility)
101
Q

Therapeutic classification of incompatibilities

A

-2 or more drugs administered concurrently, result in undesirable antagonistic or synergistic pharmacologic action - drug/drug interaction

102
Q

Physical classification of incompatibilities

A

the combination of ONE or more drugs in solution resulting in compositional change & appearance (change in color, formation of turbidity, precipitation & evolution of a gas)

103
Q

Chemical classification of incompatibilites

A

-degradation of drug substances as a result of being in solution & as a result of being in contact with other drugs

104
Q

The greatest single factor causing incompatibility between IV fluids and their contents:

A

variations in pH, solubility & stability

105
Q

minimizing incompatibilities

A
  • use freshly prepared solutions whenever possible
  • encourage use of as few additions as possible
  • study to demonstrate proficiency in IV therapy
  • educate MDs/Rns
  • be skillfull with reference materials (Trissel’s, Clinical Pharmacology)
106
Q

Parenteral administration advantages

A
  • fast
  • some drugs not effective orally
  • uncomplicated admin. where the pt is: uncooperative, nauseous, unconscious NPO
  • patient compliance: gives MD control of drug, pt must return for therapy, cant trust some pts to take medications
  • correction of fluid/electrolyte imbalance
  • TPN administration: when pt is NPO
107
Q

Parenteral administration disadvantages

A
  • special training required (special procedure, aseptic)
  • invasive
  • pain
  • difficult to reverse
  • more expensive
  • incompatibilities
108
Q

IV compatibility idk other green things to know

A
  • -in general, use smallest possible bag
  • refrigerate vs room temp
  • light sensitivity
  • pay attention to manufacture’s codes when provided*
109
Q

sterility & integrity requirements for sterile IV admixtures

A

freedom from living organisms, freedom from dead organisms & pyrogens

110
Q

H2O insoluble

A

dead organisms, parts of dead organisms & metabolic products of organisms

111
Q

H2O soluble

A

lipopolysaccharides, metabolic products of organisms

112
Q

hypotonic

A

< 277 mM

113
Q

isotonic

A

~277 mM

114
Q

hypertonic

A

> 277 mM

115
Q

where does the central route access?

A
  • major veins
  • access to the venous system close to the heart
  • superior vena cava, inferior vena cava & subclavian vein (PICC line)
116
Q

indications for peripheral admin.

A
  • administration of drugs
  • administration of fluids (maintain hydration & volume)
  • surgery (anesthesia, drugs)
  • transfusion
  • to maintain or correct electrolyte imbalance
  • administration of nutritional solutions
117
Q

advantages of peripheral admin (with respect to central**

A
  • veins are relatively easy to access
  • drugs, solutions and blood can be administered quickly
  • administration is easy to see and monitor
118
Q

Disadvantages of peripheral admin (with respect to central) **

A
  • short term access
  • immobilization of the limb
  • less forgiving of tonicity extremes
119
Q

indications for central admin

A
  • large volume fluids
  • hypo/hypertonic fluids
  • pH imbalanced fluids
120
Q

**advantages of central admin (compared to peripheral)

A

1-rapid infusion of large volumes
2-a means of measuring CVP (*central venous pressure)
3-eliminates repeat peripheral venipuncture (decreased vein irritation & vein damage)
4-decrease patient discomfort

121
Q

**disadvantages of central admin. (with respect to peripheral)

A

risk of complications: pneumothorax, sepsis, thrombosis/embolism, organ perforation

  • decreased in patient mobility
  • surgical implant
122
Q

intra-aeticular

A

*injection to the joints

123
Q

intra-synovial

A

*injection to the joint fluid areas

124
Q

intraventicular

A

*injection to the ventricles of the brain

125
Q

intra-cardiac

A

*injection to the heart (epi)

126
Q

Potential complications of IV therapy

A
  • bad news: most medical & pharmacologic interventions present some risk to patient
  • parenteral therapies are more likely to have serious complications
  • good news: most complications can be prevented or minimized
  • precautions
127
Q

phlebitis

A
  • inflammation of the veins
  • can be induced by insertion of VADs vascular access device
  • characterized by tenderness, redness, puffiness, hardness & increased temp
  • at tip of VAD & in the direction of blood flow
128
Q

extravasation

A
  • undesirable
  • liquids are infused into peripheral space surrounding vein
  • misplaced VAD
129
Q

infiltration

A
  • undesirable

- extravasation fluids are absorbed by surrounding tissues

130
Q

Extravasation/Infiltration (general signs and symptoms)

A

-at the IV site: pain, discomfort, burning, feeling of tightness, decreased temp, cant back flow blood, decreased flow rate

131
Q

Extravasation/Infiltration (drug specific signs & symptoms)

A
  • tonicity & pH extremes (hypo/hypertonic solutions)–> v irritating
  • tissue necrosis: chemo, dopamine, epinephrine
132
Q

infection

A

local: contaminated IV site and/or tissues near VAD, sterile and non-sterile necrosis & sepsis (tissue destruction)
Systemic: fever, chills, malaise & septicemia

133
Q

Air Embolism

A
  • an object blocking a blood vessel- blood clot, fat, amniotic fluid, air, other objects –> MI
  • > 5ml of air- right ventricle of the heart, cavitation & fatal
134
Q

Air embolism (signs and symptoms)

A

-respiratory distress, weak pulse, increased CVP, decreased BP & unconsciousness

135
Q

Allergic reactions

A

-histamine release: itching, tearing, runny nose, coughing, wheezing, anaphylaxis

136
Q

Why the suppository?

A

1) an alternative administration route for: NPO pts, unconscious pts & infants
2) non invasive: alternative to IV

137
Q

Why not the suppository?

A

1) PO vs PR: dignity, comfort, convenience

2) privacy: cant be administered in public

138
Q

Suppositories

A
  • solid, unit dose, dosage forms intended for administration of medicine via the rectum, vagina, or urethra
  • melt or dissolve in the body cavity
  • indicated for administering drugs to infants/small children, severely debilitated patients
139
Q

Local suppositories

A

-hemorrhoids, itching, infections

140
Q

systemic suppositories

A

-analgesics, anti-nausea, anti-histamine

141
Q

suppository uses

A
  • recal: adult ~2grams (d= 13-7mm, L= 23-35mm) children 1 gram, more pencil shaped
  • vaginal-pessaries
  • uretheral- bougies
  • nasal
  • aural (ear canal)
142
Q

therapeutic uses for suppositories

A

rectal: local effect, laxation effect, systemic effect
vaginal: fertility
urethral

143
Q

ideal base for suppositories

A

-stable, non-irritating, bland, chemically & physiologically inert, compatible with a variety of drugs, melt or dissolve in rectal fluids, solid below 98.6, liquid above 98.6F, not bind or interfere with release of drug substances

144
Q

Cocoa butter (suppository base)

A
  • Theobroma oil
  • does not become rancid, may leak from body orifice since it is immiscible with body fluids
  • softens at 30C, melts at 34C
  • no longer the base of choice
145
Q

Fattibase

A

-preblended suppository base, similar to cocoa butter, no special conditions, good mold release characteristics

146
Q

PEG

A
  • water soluble

* base of choice when none is specified

147
Q

Glycerin

A
  • water soluble

- glycerin, gelatin, sodium stearate, water

148
Q

Fusion

A
  • when the drug/base compound is a suspension: levigation/geometric combination may be necessary
  • constant stirring during pour is necessary
  • pour at relatively cool temps (high viscosity & longer setting time)
149
Q

Mold lubrication

A
  • lubrication/release agent should not be miscible with the base
  • green soup for cocoa butter & fattibase
  • mineral oil for PEG and glycerin
  • apply with cotton tip applicator
150
Q

Compounding considerations for suppositories

A
  • use of water should be avoided!
  • accelerate oxidation of fats, increase the degradation of drugs, support bacterial/fungal growth, dissolved drugs may crystallize as water evaporates, viscosity & bitterness.
151
Q

example of drug drug incompatibilities

A

**PEG & aspirin, benzocaine*

152
Q 
Rate of drug release: 
1-cocoa butter
2-fattibase
3-glycerinated gelatin
4-polyethylene glycol
A 
**
1- 3-7 min
2- 3-7 min
3- 30-40mins
4- 30-50mins
153
Q 
match the drugs with their drug absorption
1-oil soluble 
2-water soluble
3-oil soluble 
4-water soluble
A 
**1-slow
2-rapid
3-moderate
4-moderate
*oily bases will melt, water soluble bases will dissolve*
154
Q

Calibration value

A
  • the average mass of one pure base suppository cast in the mold
  • mold specific, base specific & not drug specific*
155
Q

Density factor

A
  • the ratio of a unit mass of drug powder to the amount of suppository base displaced by the powder
  • not mold specific, is base specific & is drug specific

Compound My Ass ( P2 Fall) (4 decks)

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