Spring Exam Study Guide 2021

Question 1

_____ is the reproduction between 2 different organisms

Answer 1

sexual

Question 2

_____ is one organism reproducing an exact copy of itself

Answer 2

asexual

Question 3

The ability to produce offspring that are healthy and that survive is known as ______ _____

Answer 3

reproductive success

Question 4

Since most animals reproduce sexually, they compete with others for the right to reproduce with a possible mate. The attempts by animals to attract mates are called __________

Answer 4

courtship/courting

Question 5

Name 3 of the 5 of the most common methods animals attract mates _____, _____, _____, _____,_____,

Answer 5

a. dancing
b. calling/vocalizing
c. displaying bright colors
d. fighting other possible mates
e. building a nest

Question 6

what are the attempts by animals to ensure their offspring’s survival? ______

Answer 6

parenting behavior

Question 7

Name the 4 parenting behaviors

Answer 7

1. teaching their young how to get food and protect themselves
2. feed their young
3. protect their young
4. providing shelter

Question 8

The two main factors that affect animal growth are ______ and _______

Answer 8

genetic factors and environmental factors

Question 9

Name 3 beneficial and harmful environmental conditions

Answer 9

beneficial environmental conditions 
1.  abundance of food 
2. pleasant weather (safe habitat) 
3. adequate supply of water 
Harmful Environmental condition 
1. severe weather 
2. food/water/supply shortages 
3. pollution

Question 10

matter is any substance that ______ and ______

Answer 10

takes up space and has mass

Question 11

The smallest unit of matter is known as a(n) _____

Answer 11

atom

Question 12

Matter constantly moves between the living and and nonliving parts of the environment. This is known as ______.

Answer 12

matter cycle

Question 13

A(n) ______ is made up of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

Answer 13

molecule

Question 14

______ is the ability to cause change. It comes in many forms.

Answer 14

energy

Question 15

An organism that uses energy and matter from the environment to make its own food molecules is known as a(n) _____.

Answer 15

producer

Question 16

An organism that gets energy and matter by eating other organisms is known as a(n) ______.

Answer 16

consumer

Question 17

An organism that gets energy and matter by breaking down the remains of other organisms that have died is known as a(n) ______.

Answer 17

decomposer

Question 18

_____ are the process of breaking down molecules and rearranging their atoms to make new molecules and release energy.

Answer 18

chemical reaction

Question 19

_______ is the process of plants converting carbon dioxide and water to carbon-based food molecules with energy from the sun.

Answer 19

photosynthesis

Question 20

The carbon-bases food molecules that producers make is called _____.

Answer 20

sugar

Question 21

Photosynthesis takes place in the _____ of the plant cell.

Answer 21

chloroplast

Question 22

______ is a process that uses oxygen to release the energy stored in food molecules.

Answer 22

cellular respiration

Question 23

______ are a complex organization of interdependent parts. It involves the flow of energy and cycling of nonliving resources through a web of producers, consumers and decomposer.

Answer 23

ecosystem

Question 24

______ is a pathway that energy and nutrients can follow through and ecosystem

Answer 24

food chain

Question 25

________ are a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem

Answer 25

food web

Question 26

______ in a food web diagram show the direction of energy flow.

Answer 26

arrow

Question 27

_______ is a representation of the energy available at each level of a food web. The bottom level are the producers and it has the most energy. The other levels are consumers.

Answer 27

energy pyramid

Question 28

Since matter cannot be created or destroyed, organisms depend on ____ ____ to obtain their needed matter

Answer 28

matter cycle

Question 29

Air and sunlight are examples of ______ factors in an ecosystem

Answer 29

abiotic

Question 30

members of the same _____ can breed together and produce fertile offspring.

Answer 30

species

Question 31

living things that depend on other organisms for their food are called _____.

Answer 31

consumers

Question 32

A(n) ______ is all the organisms living together in a particular place along with their nonliving environment .

Answer 32

ecosystem

Question 33

All the organisms that live in the same ecosystem interact and depend on each other for survival, which is known as _____.

Answer 33

community

Question 34

starting with an individual at the top of the pyramid, name the levels of organization of an ecosystem

Answer 34

``` top: individual organisms species/population community ecosystem ```

Question 35

_______ are the remains or traces of once-living organisms

Answer 35

fossils

Question 36

an organism sealed in sap

Answer 36

amber fossil

Question 37

an impression of an organism left in sediment and filled with minerals

Answer 37

cast and mold

Question 38

when an organism gets stuck in tar and dies

Answer 38

tar pit

Question 39

when an organism is frozen for a long period of time

Answer 39

frozen remains

Question 40

The activity of an organism is preserved

Answer 40

trace fossils

Question 41

an organism's tissues are replaced by minerals from water

Answer 41

premineralized

Question 42

an organism is quickly buried and flattened by the pressure of sediments built up above it

Answer 42

carbonized

Question 43

_____ an ordered arrangement of rock layers that is based on the relative ages of the rocks, with the oldest rocks at the bottom

Answer 43

geological colons

Question 44

The _____ divides Earth's history into intervals of time defined by major events or changes on Earth

Answer 44

geological time scale

Question 45

The collection of all known fossils and their placement in order from their placement in order from earliest to most recent is known as ______

Answer 45

fossil record

Question 46

______ is when all members of a species die out.

Answer 46

extinction

Question 47

early organisms gave rise to other types of organisms, which gave rise to the ancestor common to another type of organism. To determine how changes occur in nature, scientists look for______

Answer 47

evolutionary relationships

Question 48

When a large number of organisms die in a short time period, which appear to be caused by large changes to the environment is known as a(n)______

Answer 48

mass extinction

Question 49

Offspring look similar to their parents because heritable traits are passed down from generation to generation. So their body structures, or ______are similar to each other.

Answer 49

anatomy

Question 50

The process of biological change by which populations become different from their ancestors over many generations is known as

Answer 50

evolution

Question 51

______is the idea that all organisms share a common ancestral species from which they evolved at some point in the past

Answer 51

common ancestry

Question 52

Name 3 evolutionary relationships a. b. c.

Answer 52

a. Similarities in body structures b. Similarities in DNA c. Similarities in embryos

Question 53

The genetic material in cells that contains the information that determines the traits that an organism inherits is known as _______

Answer 53

DNA

Question 54

Organize DNA from the smallest unit and ending with DNA

Answer 54

Nucleotides genes chromosomes DNA

Question 55

Name the 4 nucleotides that make up DNA

Answer 55

Guanine Cytosine Adenine Thymine

Question 56

A protein is an important molecule that is needed to build and repair body structures and to control processes in the body. It is made up of a long chain of ______

Answer 56

Amino Acid

Question 57

The protein’s ______ is related to its shape

Answer 57

function

Question 58

A change in the base-pair sequence of a gene is called a(n) ______

Answer 58

mutation

Question 59

A change in the DNA sequence can be a(n) _____, _____, or _____

Answer 59

addition, substitution, or removal

Question 60

Traits that help organisms survive and reproduce in their current environment are called ______

Answer 60

adaptations

Question 61

This beneficial mutation can be a(n) _____, _____, or ______

Answer 61

function, behavior, or structure

Question 62

_______refers to differences between organisms in a population

Answer 62

alleles

Question 63

Different forms of the same gene that lead to a difference in physical traits are called ______

Answer 63

phenotypes

Question 64

he different DNA combinations of a particular gene that lead to different alleles are called ______

Answer 64

genotypes

Question 65

he distribution of traits in a population can change over time. A population’s current environment determines if any of those traits provide advantages or disadvantages. This is called _______

Answer 65

natural selection

Question 66

When an environmental change is extreme and rapid, populations may be _______to adapt because the process of natural selection occurs over many generations

Answer 66

less able

Question 67

A trait that is beneficial for an animal in one ecosystem will always be beneficial in another ecosystem

Answer 67

false