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SPRING Qualitative Methods Flashcards

1
Q

define qualitative methods

A

exploratory research. It is used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It provides insights into the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative research

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2
Q

define quantitative methods

A

formal, objective, systematic process in which numerical data are used to obtain information about the world. This research method is used: to describe variables; to examine relationships among variables; to determine cause-and-effect interactions between variables.

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3
Q

qualitative orientation to the role of theory

A

inductive

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4
Q

quantitative orientation to the role of theory

A

deductive

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5
Q

epistemological orientation of qualitative methods

A

interpretivism

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6
Q

epistemological orientation of quantitative meothods

A

positivism

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7
Q

ontological orientation of qualitative methods

A

contructivism

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8
Q

ontological orientation of quantitative methods

A

objectivism

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9
Q

define epistemology

A

the study or theory of the nature and grounds of knowledge especially with reference to its limits and validity
What Constitutes Valid Knowledge and How Can We Obtain It?

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10
Q

define ontology

A

What Constitutes Reality and How Can We Understand Existence? what exists and is a view on the nature of reality

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11
Q

define posivitism

A

Quest for Objective Knowledge, deductive or Theory-Testing Approach, explaining how and why things happen: Measurement, Correlation, Statistical Logic, Verification

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12
Q

define interpretivism

A

Quest for Subjective Knowledge, inductive or Theory-Building Approach, Understanding How and Why Things Happen

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13
Q

define constructivism

A

each individual constructs his/her own reality so there are multiple interpretations
there isn’t a single truth, rather all truth is relative and constructed by the individual or society

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14
Q

define obectivism

A

all human knowledge is reached through reason , the human mental faculty of understanding the world abstractly and logically

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15
Q

purpose of qualitative data

A

describe and gain insight into the situation

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16
Q

purpose of quantitative data

A

measure magnitude

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17
Q

format of qualitative

A

no predetermined response categories

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18
Q

format of quantitative

A

no predetermined response measures

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19
Q

data used in qualitative

A

indepth data from small sample

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20
Q

data used in quantitative

A

wide breadth of data from a wide representative sample

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21
Q

analysis in qualitative

A

draw out patterns and concepts

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22
Q

analysis in quantitative

A

test and provide support for hypothesis

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23
Q

result of qualitative

A

illustrative explanation

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24
Q

result of quantitative

A

numerical aggregation in summary

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25
sampling of qualitative
theorietical
26
sampling of quantitative
statistical
27
define unique case orientation
every participant is treated as an individual
28
what types of qualitative design methods are there
phenomenology grounded theory ethnography
29
what is phenomonology
INDIVIDUALISTIC the study of peoples perception of the world with multiple ways of interpreting the same experience - individual perceptions into the meaning of own lives seeks to understand the subjective, lived experiences and perspectives of participants
30
what samples are used in phenomenology design
small purposive samples | analyse in depth without predetermined consequences
31
describe Doumit et al 2010 phenomenological design
used to explore coping strategies in women with breast cancer via interview coping strategy defines as overall theme for study themes: negative stigma of cancer, role of women in Lebanese families, role of religion are bases of the differences in coping strategies of Labenese women with breast cancer as compared with women from other countries
32
what is grounded theory
theory into the development of social processes grounded in data, and try to apply theory to different groups to see if fit or requires adaptation to the mode promotes theory development
33
what samples are used in grounded theory
seek out participants who can be compared with ones that have already been studies in order to promote theory development
34
what methods are used for data collection in grounded theory
observations, interviews and narratives comparative analysis findings presented in diagram processes or summary classifications
35
what methods are often used for data collection in phenomonology
indepth interviews/convos without predetermined questions
36
describe williams et al 2015 grounded theory design
investigating theory of self in anorexia - semi strctured interview of 11 anorexic women theoretical framework of the relationship with five related categories: AN taking over the self, AN protecting the self, being no one without AN, sharing the self with AN, and discovering the real me - need to reintroduce concept of the self without anorexia
37
what is ethnography
COLLECTIVISTIC designed to develop understanding of a specific culture (any group with similar beliefs/attributes) pre existing ideas based on previous research are investigated
38
how is data collected in ethonography
natural setting | observation, documents, interviews, diary entries
39
describe ryam 1993 ethnography desgin
insight into mothers perspective of adult children with schizophrenia by interview 2 main themes: lifetime of mothering and disruption and loss (of childs and mothers life)
40
how might qualitative data be collected
observation, interview, document research, case studies, consensus, action research
41
describe observations
must be weary that prior beliefs dont influence interpretation get close to others so feel can open p - understand more than just what people say - how they say it, beh, actions and interactions audio, video recordings and field notes
42
define case studies
provides an in depth hollistic investigation of one person or a group of people/organisation
43
define consensus
identification of areas of contention among experts (where they may disagree in certain feilds)
44
desccribe action research
identification of problems with theories, collecting, analysing and reporting new data to adjust previous and develop constantly evolving research identify - plan - collect data - analyse - conclude - adjust
45
observer role dimension within ethnography
outsider or integrated member
46
knowledge of observation dimension within ethnography
cover or overt
47
duration dimension within ethnography
one session or many years
48
knowledge of purpose dimension within ethnography
full knoweldge or misleading
49
focus dimension within ethnography
narrow or hollistic
50
how is an ethnographic study conducted
``` RQ determined via ethnographic approach define what to address in observation define role of researcher negotiate entry and maintain access identify key informants decide who to sample collect data exit ```
51
describe rosenhan 1973 covert observation study
medical professionals identification of psuedopatients - 8 psuedopatiens admitted to 12 hospitals reporting hearing voices- no symptoms and ask for release 7-52 day duration - ignore request
52
how should qualitative interviews be conducted
aim to discover pps own meanings, and avoid imposing assumptions - remain open to possibilities event or cultural based - using guiding qs/topics w/no fixed questions and room to flexibly adapt listener form qs actively for clarification and elaboration transcribe and pilot interview
53
why use pilot interviews
ensure that the rigth questions are being asked and the conversation is steered in the right direction / get info about areas desired
54
how can qualitative data be sampled
convenience purposive snowballing theoretical
55
describe convenience sampling
sampling for convenience/via opportunity
56
describe purposive sampling
deleiberate, recruit pps with certain characteristics, some subjects more suitable than others
57
desccribe snowball sampling
pps identify other potential pps who match criteria
58
describe theoretical sampling
identify category of interest that develops dependent on the progression of the research
59
describe andrew and harvey 2011 purposive sampling
in depth pre planned semistructured interview of 12 mothers with infants aged 7-18 weeks primi and multiporous mothers (one or multi children) investigate formula or breast feeding decisions
60
describe andrew and harvey 2011 purposive sampling - themes investigated
info, knowledge, decision making and role of health professionals physical capabilities family and social influences inderpendence, self identity and lifestyle
61
decribe andrew and harvery 2011 purposive sampling results
aware of benefits of breastfeeding but diff in extent long term depend on self identity difficulties with first infant support in public feeding support for newborn feeders meeting older
62
what is a focus group
utilisation of group dynamics by stimulating discussion and generating ideas 4-8 (12+) moderator define topic and encourage relevant discussion - audio record, transcribe and observe
63
how might a focus group be conducted
determine RQ and topic decide on structre and no of groups required (1 per category min) identify and obtain sample define location
64
chambers et al 2007 focus group
consuer perception and behaviour towards local national and imported foods 4 groups - two low ses two high 90 min dicussion audio recorded and transcribed
65
chambers et al 2007 focus group topics
attitudes towards different foods value of friends/family/society barriers of buying locally perceived control of choices
66
chambers et al 2007 focus group results
enthusiasm for local across SES - higher quality and support local farmers barriers = price and convenience

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