SQ's 1, 2, 3

Question 1

What are the major minerals

Answer 1

calcium
phosphorus
sodium
potassium
chlorine
sulfur
magnesium

Question 2

How many essential amino acids are there?

Answer 2

9

Question 3

What are the complete proteins?

Answer 3

meat
fish
milk
and eggs

Question 4

What are the accessory organs of digestion?

Answer 4

teeth
tongue
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas

Question 5

A peritoneal membrane the envelopes these bundles of vessels and nerves to form a ?

Answer 5

mesentery

Question 6

Greater omentum

Answer 6

hangs from the large intestine like a curtain that covers the small intestine

Question 7

vertical strip anterior to the lumbar vertebrae and attaches to the small intestine

Answer 7

mesentery proper

Question 8

suspends the stomach from the undersurface of the liver

Answer 8

lesser omentum

Question 9

What are the layers of the GI tract

Answer 9

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa

Question 10

What are the 6 functions of the digestive system

Answer 10

ingestion
secretion
digestion
motility
absorption
defecation

Question 11

What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands?

Answer 11

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

Question 12

What is the strongest part of the tooth?

Answer 12

dentin

Question 13

The space between the visceral and parietal pleura that contains a small amount of fluid

Answer 13

pleural space

Question 14

Vitamin B1 and action

Answer 14

thiamine
coenzyme in carbohydrate breakdown

Question 15

Vitamin B2 & action

Answer 15

riboflavin
coenzyme component

Question 16

Vitamin B3 & B5

Answer 16

B3 = Niacin
B5 = pathogenic acid

Question 17

Vitamin B 6 & action

Answer 17

pyridoxine
coenzyme in amino acid metabolism

Question 18

Vitamin B7

Answer 18

Biotin

Question 19

Vitamin B9

Answer 19

folate

Question 20

Vitamin B12 & action

Answer 20

cyanocobalamin
coenzyme in red blood cell formation & amino acid metabolism

Question 21

What is the goal of carbohydrate metabolism

Answer 21

to break down saccharides into their simplest forms; monosaccharides/glucose

Question 22

What it the ultimate goal of protein metabolism

Answer 22

break down proteins into their simplest form; amino acids

Question 23

What type of tissue is the submucosa composed of

Answer 23

dense connective tissue

Question 24

What are the muscles that line the stomach

Answer 24

inner oblique
middle circular muscle
outer longitudinal muscle

Question 25

What are the muscles that line the intestines & rectum

Answer 25

inner circular and outer longitudinal

Question 26

What are the two forms of digestion

Answer 26

chemical digestion and mechanical digestion

Question 27

Where is water absorbed?

Answer 27

large intestine

Question 28

where are proteins and carbohydrates absorbed?

Answer 28

small intestine

Question 29

What is the largest salivary gland

Answer 29

parotid

Question 31

What is the center of each tooth called that contains nerves and lymphatic vessels

Answer 31

pulp cavity

Question 32

gingiva

Answer 32

gums

Question 33

liquid connective tissue

Answer 33

blood

Question 34

What are the 5 main functions of blood

Answer 34

transport hydraulic force defense heat transfer prevention of blood loss

Question 35

What does transferrin carry

Answer 35

iron and gamma globulins

Question 36

What does the buffy coat contain?

Answer 36

leukocytes (WBCs)

Question 37

What are the 3 granulocytes

Answer 37

neutrophils eosinophils basophils

Question 38

Which granulocyte is a first responder and eats bacterial infections

Answer 38

neutrophils

Question 39

which granulocyte defends against parasites and allergies

Answer 39

eosinophils

Question 40

which granulocyte contains histamines for allergic reactions

Answer 40

basophils

Question 41

what are the two types of aggranulocyte

Answer 41

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 42

what is involved.in specific immune responses

Answer 42

lymphocytes

Question 43

When do the AV valves open?

Answer 43

When atrial pressure exceeds the pressure in the respective ventricle

Question 44

What controls the blood supply to the heart?

Answer 44

coronary circulation

Question 45

What supplies the anterior part of the left ventricle with blood?

Answer 45

left coronary artery

Question 46

What supplies the posterior side of the ventricle with blood?

Answer 46

posterior interventricular artery

Question 47

What is the blood flow in the heart?

Answer 47

superior/inferior vena cava > right atrium > right AV valve (tricuspid) > right ventricle > pulmonary valve > pulmonary trunk > pulmonary arteries > pulmonary capillaries > pulmonary veins > left atrium > left AV valve (mitral) > left ventricle > aortic valve > ascending aorta > systemic capillaries

Question 48

cardiac conduction system route

Answer 48

SA node > AV node > bundle branches > R & L purkinje fibers

Question 49

In charge of waste (CO2) drop off and supply pick up (oxygen), carries blood to and from the lungs

Answer 49

pulmonary circulation

Question 50

in charge of supply delivery and waste pick up; it carries blood to and from every part of the body

Answer 50

systemic circulation

Question 51

Epicardium is the same thing as

Answer 51

visceral pericardium

Question 52

What transports iron to storage sites or to the bone marrow?

Answer 52

transferrin

Question 53

How long do RBCs typically survive?

Answer 53

120 days

Question 54

What are the immature RBCs called when they are released from bone marrow into the blood

Answer 54

reticulocytes

Question 55

A production regulated in a negative feedback loop based on the availability of oxygen -- production increases in response to hypoxia

Answer 55

erythropoietin

Question 56

What are some characteristics of RBCs

Answer 56

flattened, biconcave no nuclei flexible

Question 57

cells of the immune system that have light blue cytoplasm and defend against external threats

Answer 57

lymphocytes

Question 58

How many lobes does eosinophils have vs basophils?

Answer 58

eosinophils have 3 basophils have 2

Question 59

What are the two types of phagocytes

Answer 59

granulocytes and aggranulocytes

Question 60

What is the pH of blood

Answer 60

approx 7.4 (slightly basic)

Question 61

What are activated B cells responsible for?

Answer 61

antibody secretions

Question 62

What happens to electrolytes when put into water?

Answer 62

they separate into ions

Question 63

What are 3 characteristics of electrolytes

Answer 63

contain a negative or positive charge help the body maintain an acid-base balance help determine osmolarity of body fluids

Question 64

What % of body water is intracellular vs extracellular

Answer 64

intracellular = 65% extracellular = 35%

Question 65

What is the fluid of the cytosol considered?

Answer 65

intracellular fluid

Question 66

What is the percentage of interstitial fluid and plasma that make up extracellular fluid?

Answer 66

interstitial fluid = 80% plasma =20%

Question 67

Where is the interstitial fluid?

Answer 67

in between cells located in bone and other connective tissue

Question 68

What separates blood plasma from the interstitial fluid

Answer 68

vascular epithelium of blood vessels

Question 69

What separates intracellular and extracellular fluid?

Answer 69

cell membrane

Question 70

What is the relationship between sodium balance and blood pressure?

Answer 70

they are codependent if one goes up so does the other

Question 71

High intake of NaCl strongly correlates with what?

Answer 71

high b/p

Question 72

What are the functional units of the kidneys

Answer 72

nephrons

Question 73

Once urine is formed in the nephrons, it drains out of the papilla into the?

Answer 73

calyces

Question 74

Once urine flows into the calyx it then flows into the

Answer 74

renal pelvis

Question 75

Once urine is formed by the nephron where does it go?

Answer 75

renal papillae

Question 76

Where can you find transitional epithelium

Answer 76

ureters & bladder

Question 77

the adventitia is a loose layer of fibrous tissue

Answer 77

the outer layer of the ureter

Question 78

What is the path of blood in the kidneys

Answer 78

renal arteries > arcuate artery > interlobular artery > afferent arteriole > glomerulus > efferent arteriole > peritubular capillaries > interlobular veins > arcuate vein > renal vein > inferior vena cava

Question 79

What is the flow of urine in the nephron

Answer 79

glomerulus > glomerular capsule > proximal tubule > nephron loop > descending loop (loop of Henle) > ascending loop > distal tubule > collecting duct > renal pelvis

Question 80

about 20% of fluid volume passing through the glomerulus is filtered through the glomerular capsule to become

Answer 80

glomerular filtrate

Question 81

Why doesn't glomerular filtrate contain blood cells or protein?

Answer 81

they are too big to fit through the filtration sieve

Question 82

Where does water reabsorption occur?

Answer 82

collecting duct & nephron loop

Question 83

composed of blood sinuses which contain the urethra and composes the glans penis

Answer 83

corpus sponginosm

Question 84

prepuce

Answer 84

foreskin

Question 85

What is removed during a circumcision

Answer 85

prepuce

Question 86

Where do the testes deliver immature sperm

Answer 86

epididymis

Question 87

Where does sperm go after being ejected out of the epididymis

Answer 87

ductus deferens

Question 88

secrete vesicular fluid, a mildly alkaline fluid that contains a mix of substances that nourish and empower sperm

Answer 88

seminal vesicles

Question 89

Is semen alkaline or acidic

Answer 89

alkaline

Question 90

secretes a mildly acidic milky fluid containing a mixture of substances that nourish the sperm

Answer 90

prostate gland

Question 91

secretes a clear lubricant fluid into the urethra when a man becomes sexually excited

Answer 91

bulbourethral gland

Question 92

secretes mucus during sexual arousal and facilitates penile erection

Answer 92

vestibular glands

Question 93

What is the most narrow portion of the uterus called

Answer 93

isthmus

Question 94

Where does fertilization occur?

Answer 94

ampulla