SQs RBC Disorders Flashcards by Keizel Galupo

The causes of anemia include

a. blood loss
b. impaired red cell production
c. accelerated red cell destruction
d. AOTC

d. AOTC

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The clinical signs and symptoms of anemia can result from

a. diminished delivery of oxygen to the tissues
b. lowered hemoglobin concentration
c. increased blood volume
d. both A and B

d. both A and B

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Which of the following is a significant laboratory finding in anemia?

a. decreased hemoglobin
b. increased packed cell volume
c. increased erythrocyte count
d. normal erythrocyte indices

a. decreased hemoglobin

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If you are grading changes in erythrocytic size or shape using a scale of 0 to 4+ and many erythrocytes deviate from normal per microscopic field, the typical score would be

a. 1+
b. 2+
c. 3+
d. 4+

c. 3+

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Anemias can be categorized into

a. hemolytic types
b. blood loss types
c. impaired production types
d. all of the above

d. all of the above

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Identify whether the given characteristic is

a. Acute blood loss
b. Chronic blood loss

Disorders of the GI system or heavy menstruation

b. chronic blood loss

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Identify whether the given characteristic is

a. Acute blood loss
b. Chronic blood loss

Increased thrombocytes

a. acute blood loss

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Identify whether the given characteristic is

a. Acute blood loss
b. Chronic blood loss

Traumatic conditions

a. acute blood loss

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Identify whether the given characteristic is

a. Acute blood loss
b. Chronic blood loss

Does not disrupt blood volume

b. chronic blood loss

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Identify whether the given characteristic is

a. Acute blood loss
b. Chronic blood loss

Results in an iron deficiency and a hypochromic/microcytic erythrocyte morphology on a peripheral blood smear

b. chronic blood loss

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The erythrocyte morphology associated with anemia in an otherwise healthy individual caused by acute blood loss is usually

a. microcytic
b. megaloblastic
c. normochromic
d. hypochromic

c. normochromic

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Anemia caused by chronic blood loss is characterized by

a. hypochromic, microcytic erythrocytes
b. decreased packed cell volume
c. increased platelets
d. both A and B

d. both A and B - hypochromic, microcytic erythrocyte and decreased packed cell volume

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Acquired aplastic anemia may be caused by

a. benzene or benzene derivatives
b. ionizing radiation and vitamin B12
c. purine or pyrimidine analogues

All of the choices :)

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The sudden appearance of plastic anemia or pure red cell aplasia is often caused by

a. hemolytic process
b. an immune process
c. acute leukemia
d. chronic leukemia

b. an immune process

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Aplastic anemia can occur years before a diagnosis of ___________ is made.

a. paroxysmal noctural hemoglobinuria
b. myelodysplasia
c. acute myelogenous leukemia

All of the choices

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If a patient with aplastic anemia is referred to as exhibiting pancytopenia, which cell lines are affected?

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes

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A subset of Fanconi anemia

Familial aplastic anemia

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A rare congenital form of red cell aplasia

Diamond-Blackfan syndrome

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Is characterized by selective failure of red blood cell production

Pure red cell anemia

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The best-descried congenital form of aplastic anemia

Fanconi anemia

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Hematopoietic cells targets in aplastic anemia are affected by

Activated cytotoxic lymphocytes

Activation of the Fas receptor

Direct cell-cell interactions between lymphocytes and target cells

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Fanconi anemia is associated with abnormal genes located on chromosomes

9,20

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The etiology of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is

a. nutritional deficiency
b. faulty iron absorption
c. excessive loss of iron

all of the choices

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Iron deficiency is still common in

a. toddlers
b. adolescent girls
c. women of childbearing age

all of the choices

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Decreased iron intake

meat-poor diet

Faulty iron absorption

Sprue

Pathological iron loss

Colon cancer

Physiological iron loss

Menstruation

Increased iron utilization

Adolescent growth spurt

The average adult has _____g of total iron.

3.5 to 5.0

Most functional iron in humans is found in

hemoglobin molecules of erythrocytes (RBCs)

Approximately _____% of iron from food is in the form of ______ iron.

90, nonheme respectively

Most ingested iron is readily absorbed into the body in the

duodenum and upper jejunum

Transferrin represents a

Beta globulin and Glycoprotein that moves iron

In Iron Deficiency Anemia, the erythrocytic indices are typically

MCV decreased, MCH decreased, MCHC decreased (nag decrease ang all)

The peripheral blood smear demonstrates _______ red blood cells in the IDA.

microcytic, hypochromic

In Iron Deficiency Anemia, the serum iron is severely _________ and the TIBC is _________.

decreased, increased respectively

Anemias of inflammation/chronic diseases can be caused by

inflammation, infection, malignancy

AOI can result from a. inappropriately decreased erythropoietin b. suppression of erythropoiesis by cytokines from activated macrophages and lymphocytes c. impaired iron metabolism

All of the choices

The typical peripheral blood film of a patient with AOI typically reveals ______ erythrocytes.

Normocytic, normochromic

Leukoerythroblastosis can appear as ________ on a peripheral blood smear.

Immature leukocytes & erythrocytes

What is the most appropriate treatment for AOI?

Treatment of the inflammatory condition

Sideroblastic anemia can be caused by a. congenital (chromosomal) defect b. drugs c. association with malignant disorders d. acute mylogenous leukemia e. chloramphenicol

All of the choices

A common feature of sideroblastic anemia is

Ringed sideroblasts

The greatest portion of operational body iron is normally contained in what compound?

Hemoglobin

Storage iron in the human body is a. found in hepatocytes b. found in macrophages c. sequestered as ferrotin d. all of the above e. none of the above

d. all of the above

The most sensitive assay for the diagnosis of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is

transferrin saturation

Megaloblastic anemias can be caused by a. tapeworm infestation b. gastric resection c. nutritional deficiency

all of the choices

Megaloblastic anemia related to folic acid deficiency is associated with a. abnormal absorption b. increased utilization c. nutritional deficiency

all of the above

The underlying type A gastritis that causes pernicious anemia is immunologically related to a. autoantibody to IF b. low serum gastrin c. autoantibody to parietal cells

Both A and C

Cobalamin transport is mediated by

IF TC II R proteins

In megaloblastic anemia, the typical erythrocytic indices are

MCV increased MCH increased MCHC normal

The peripheral erythrocyte morphology in folate deficiency is similiar to pernicious anemia, and the RBCs are ___________.

large

In a case of class pernicious anemia, the patient has

leukopenia hypersegmented neutrophils anemia

The reticulocyte count in a patient with untreated pernicious anemia is characteristically

<1.0%

What is the expected value in pernicious anemia of the given chemistry assay: * Serum haptoglobin-binding capacity * Serum B12

Decreased

What is the expected value in pernicious anemia of the given chemistry assay: Folate

Normal

What is the expected value in pernicious anemia of the given chemistry assay: * Serum Iron * Percent transferrin * Unconjugated bilirubin

Increased

What is the expected value in pernicious anemia of the given chemistry assay: Serum LDH

Significantly increased

Hemolytic disruption of the erythrocyte involves

an alteration in the erythrocyte membrane

Destruction of RBCs within the circulatory blood

Intravascular hemolysis

Destruction of RBCs outside the circulatory blood

Extravascular hemolysis

Which of the following tests is not useful in determining increased erythrocyte destruction? a. reticulocyte count b. total leukocyte count c. serum haptoglobin d. unconjugated bilirubin

b. total leukocyte count

Defect of the hemoglobin molecule

Thalassemia

Erythrocytic enzyme defect

G6PD Deficiency or Pyruvate Kinase (PK) Deficiency

Structural membrane defect

Hereditary spherocytosis

The most common prevalent hereditary hemolytic anemia among people of Northern European descent.

Hereditary spherocytosis

An overabundance of oval-shaped red cells

Hereditary elliptocytosis

A subgroup of common hereditary elliptocytosis

Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HPP)

Can be seen in the genetic hemoglobin defect, thalassemia

Hereditary stomatocytosis

A permeability disorder

Hereditary xerocytosis

Heinz bodies are associated with the congenital hemolytic anemia

G6PD Deficiency

A hemolytic crisis may be precipitated in 10% of American black males suffering from G6PD deficiency by

primaquine

What is the most common glycolytic enzyme deficiency associated with the aerobic pathway of erythrocyte metabolism?

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)

What is the most common glycolytic enzyme deficiency associated with the anaerobic pathway of erythrocyte metabolism?

Pyruvate Kinase

What laboratory assay would specifically indicate a deficiency of G6PD enzyme?

Heinz bodies on peripheral blood smears

What enzyme deficiency causes methemoglobinemia?

NADH-methemoglobin reductase

Acquired hemolytic anemia can be caused by a. chemical b. drugs c. infetious organisms d. antibody reactions

All of the choices

The infectious microorganism directly associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome is

E. coli O157-H7

Rh antibodies are the most frequent cause

Warm-type autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)

IgM, usually anti-I

Cold-type AIHA

Anemia that usually occurs in newborn infants

Isoimmune hemolytic anemia

The erythrocyte alteration characteristically associated with hemolytic anemia is

spherocytosis

What laboratory procedures would reflect a typical hemolytic anemia? a. Increased osmotic fragility b. Increased total serum bilirubin c. Increased reticulocyte count, unless hematopoiesis is suppressed d. AOTC

d. AOTC

Which of the following is not associated with hemolytic anemia? a. Decreased HgB and Hct b. Increased reticulocyte count c. Increased serum haptoglobins d. Decreased erythrocyte survival

c. Increased serum haptoglobins

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria exhibits sensitivity of one population of red blood cells to

complement

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuriaepisodes are usually associated with

sleep

The defect in PNH probably is a (an) ___________ associated defect of the red cell membrane.

Structural protein

The common denominator in the hemoglobinopathies is that all are

inherited or genetic defects related to hemoglobin

Hemoglobinopathies can be classified as a. abnormal hemoglobin globulin structure b. a defect of hemoglobin globulin synthesis c. a combination of defects of both structure and synthesis d. all of the above

AOTA

True or False. Normal adult hemoglobin contains the following components: Hb A (95% to 98%), Hb A2 (2% to 3%), Hb A1 (3% to 6%), and Hb F (<1%)

True

In the hemoglobinopathis, a trait is described as

heterozygous and asymptomatic

In sickle cell anemia the cause is

change of single nucleotide (GAT to GTT) and substitution of valine for glutamix acid at the sixth position on the beta chain of the hemoglobin molecule

In sickle cell disease the abnormality is related to

an abnormal structure of hemoglobin

One of the two most common monogenetic diseases of man is

sickle cell anemia

If a patient with sickle cell anemia is in an acute crisis state, peripheral blood smears may exhibit

drepanocytes

What estimated percentage of black Americans are heterozygous for Hb S?

The most common complaint associated with sickle cell anemia

acute pain

Absence or decrease in synthesis of one or more globin subunits

Thalassemia

Homozygous B-thalassemia patients have

Severe transfusion-dependent anemia

In a-type thalassemia, with three inactive a genes, which of the following is characteristic? a. Hb A2 b. Hb A c. Hb H d. Hb F and A2

Hb H

What is the primary risk to thalassemia major patients who receive frequent and multiple blood transfusions?

Iron overload

The peripheral blood smear in silent state patients with a-thalassemia typically appears as

normochromic, normocytic

The characteristic hemoglobin concentration in a patient's silent state with heterozygous B-thalassemia is

Hb A level normal

Decreased solubility; the ability to form intracellular crystals

Deoxyhemoglobin C

The incidence of Hb E hemoglobinopathy is highest in

Southeast Asia

Most unstable hemoglobins

1. inherited autosomal dominant disorders 2. result from amino acid substitutions or deletions 3. hemoglobin variants

Common clinical symptoms of anemia include: a. Splenomegaly b. shortness of breath and fatigue c. chills and fever d. jaundice and enlarged lymph nodes

b. shortness of breath and fatigue

This is reduced as an adaptation to long-standing anemia

Oxygen affinity of hemoglobin

An autoimmune reaction destroys the hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow of a young adult patient, and the amount of active bone marrow, including RBC precursors, is diminished. The RBC precursos that are present are normal in appearance, but there are too few to meet the demand for circulating red blood cells, and anemia develops. The reticulocyte count is low. The mechanism of the anemia would be described as:

Insufficient erythropoiesis

What are the initial lab tests that are performed for the diagnosis of anemia?

CBC, reticulocyte count, and peripheral blood film examination

Its increase suggests a shortened life span of RBCs and hemolytic anemia

Reticulocyte count

Which of the following is detectable only by examination of a peripheral blood film? a. microcytosis b. anisocytosis c. hypochromia d. poikilocytosis

d. pokilotcytosis

Schistocytes, ovalocytes, and acanthocytes are examples of abnormal changes in RBC: a. volume b. shape c. inclusions d. hemoglobin concentration

shape

An anemic adult patient with an absolute reticulocyte count of 20x10^9/L and an MCV of 65 fL. a. aplastic anemia b. sickle cell anemia c. iron deficiency d. folate deficiency

c. iron deficiency

An anemic adult patient with an MCV of 125 fL and an RDW of 20% (reference interval 11.5% to 14.5%)

Vitamin B12 deficiency

SQs RBC Disorders Flashcards

(116 cards)