S.S 11/24/24 Flashcards
What factors led to the agricultural revolution
Advances in technology and new inventions alowed people to alter their enviornment allowing them to increase farming.
What did Jethro Tull invent
He invented the horse-drawn mechanical seed drill.
How did the mechanical seed drill help produce more food.
This helped corn to be planted in rows, which limited waste and increased harvest.
what was the open field system
Throughout history farming was done useing scattered strips of land. This ended with the enclosure acts.
What were enclosure acts
Required land to be fenced in and consolidated. This allowed rich landowners to merge farmlands, but it harmed present farmers because their small strips of land could not compete.
How did the four field/ crop rotation system and the introduction to fertilizers help farming
This system divided fields into 4 diffrent sections. Each produced a different food source each season which alowed more crops to be grown. Fertilizers also helped the soil be productive.
Where did the industrial revolution begin
The industrial revolution began in Briten 1750s. This is because of the good geography, extensive coloneal empire, political stability, and thriving middle class. These changes spread to the US, and other parts of Europe and later to the rest of the world.
What industry was the first to be mechanized?
Textiles –> cotton +woll pulled and twisted on a spinning wheel.
What was the spinning Jenny
A single wheel allowed many threads to be spun at once by a single worker. Large amounts of threads could be made cheeper and quicker.
What important invention was created by James Watt allowed machines in factories to be powered by coal instead of water?
The steam engine –> separate chambers for the steam to get hot + cool down
What was the domestic system.
Before the industrial revolution, people made items in their home and sold it to the market.
Describe working conditions in the factories
Long-dangourus work day and little pay
What were some of the negative effects of the massive urbanization taking place in Great briten.
Shortages of fresh water, crime, over crowding, poverty, deforestation, growth of slums, polution, poor organized governments
Before the industrial revolution, what forms of transportation did people have.
People traveled by animals or by foot. The roads were in bad conditions
What inventions helped improve transportation.
Steam engines powered locomotives and creating railroads. Railroad construction required coal, iron, and steel.
What was invented by Samuel Morse.
The telegraph
What new social classes developed during the industrial revolution?
The middle class developed. –> 15% of the population and included people between the working class + upper classs.
what new power did the middle class want as they grew in numbers.
A larger voice in government.
Describle the lives of the poor working class
The poor made money off physical labor. The living conditions were horrible and work was long. Children became dorformed and crippled due to machine work. Living conditions were unsanitary and overcrowded.
Describe three characteristics of capitalism:
Entrepreneurs risked their money in business, privetely owned bussnesses. Sold shares in the company to investors. This system set the stage for the industrial revolution.
Role of the entepreneur
To organize, manage and assume responsibility for business on hopes of making a profit.
Role of the worker
Former farm workers left their fomes in the countryside for jobs in more populated and industrialized areas. These workes provided their labors, for which they received wages.
Role of the government - Laissez-Faire:
Nineteenth-century governments followed a policy of lassez-faire. This ment that the government did not interfere in relations between workers and business owners.
Suffrage movements
The newly wealthy middle class (factory workers, merchants, and bankers) demanded greater political power. In the 1830s reform acts passed by parliament + behain extending voting rights to the middle class. Later reform bills further extended voting rights to the working class.
