S.S. 2.1 (What is a word?)

Question 1

Translation Shifts

Answer 1

Previour theories were very linguistic in nature.

Most focus on langue.

Question 2

One key problem

Answer 2

Determining whether the ST meaning had been transferred into the TT.

Question 3

The analysis of linguistic meaning

Answer 3

Specifically in relation to the analysis of individual words or phrases developed.
The field of semantics.

Question 4

There is not always a one-to-one relationship between the linguistic signs of different languages

Answer 4

The signifier changes across languages.
Each language depicts reality differently.
Some concepts are very language- and/or culture-specific.

Question 5

Inexperienced translators

Answer 5

Some of them non-native speakers of English, were sometimes confused by the intricacies and ambiguities of the ST.

Question 6

The translators experienced problems with multiple senses

Answer 6

Figured meanings.

Near synonyms.

Question 7

Langue

Answer 7

Formal correspondence.
Pertains to the linguistic system (language structures, rules described in dictionaries, grammars).
Stable.
Links to Chomsky’s concept competence.

Question 8

Parole

Answer 8

Dynamic equivalence.
Pertains to actual language use, that which the speaker might say or understand while using language.
Variable.
Links to Chomsky’s concept performance.