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ss midterm owo Flashcards

freaky! (91 cards)

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1
Q

INNOVATION VS INVENTION?

A

inno: making something existing better
inve: creating something new

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2
Q

HOMINID DEVELOPMENT?

A

australopithecines, homo habilis, homo erectus, homo sapien

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3
Q

HUNTER GATHERER LIFESTYLE?

A

People used to hunt animals for their meat and pick berries on the move to survive, instead of living in a set area, they wandered around living off the land

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4
Q

NOMAD?

A

group of hunter gatherers/a hunter gatherer

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5
Q

PALEOLITHIC?

A

old stone age, hunter gatherers were the standard, created simple art, artifacts, and jewelry, used basic stone tools, nomadic

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6
Q

NEOLITHIC?

A

new stone age, people began settling in towns after agriculture was discovered, hunter gatherers were uncommon, irrigation, domestication, and farming were created

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7
Q

AGRICULTURAL REVOLOUTION?

A

causes; climate change, population growth changes; economy and religion established, civilization

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8
Q

SLASH AND BURN FARMING?

A

a large area was cleared and set on fire, this would fertilize the soil for the people to use to grow food on

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9
Q

DOMESTICATION

A

Keeping animals alive instead of killing them for their meat, allowed the people to get other things from animals, such as wool, eggs, and milk

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10
Q

CUNEIFORM

A

wedge based written language

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11
Q

CIVILIZATIONS

A

Civilization changed life as more people settled down and farmed, granting jobs, and economy. Civilizations also provided safety, food, and water

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12
Q

PHONECIAN BOATS

A

boats created for long distance sailing, contained cargo holds, and were used a lot for trading and transportation

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13
Q

ROMAN AQUEDUCTS

A

applies to any bridge or viaduct to transport water, large channels created to either change the flow of, or direct water someplace else, used a lot to supply water to cities from further distances, led to better sanitization and roman baths

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14
Q

THE STIRRUP

A

Gave people a place to keep their feet for mounting or riding a horse, led rise to mounted horsemen for battles, becoming a standard on the frontlines, and no doubt improved transportation

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15
Q

PRINTING PRESS

A

a machine used to print books without the large time and labor needed to hand write them, made books more common and affordable, and cut down on time to hand write books. Gutenberg’s printing press caused more books to be printed and cheaper and caused more people to gain an education. Promoted a more individual based thinking instead of blindly following what the church said

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16
Q

SMALLPOX VACCINE

A

a small, non lethal dose of smallpox, used to boost immunity in the host, saved countless lives, and led to other vaccines

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17
Q

STEAM ENGINE

A

Good power source, later used in trains, looms, ships, and other machines. The steam engine allowed for transportation over long distances, and could power machinery for long periods of time, started the industrial revolution.

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18
Q

GEOCENTRIC THEORY

A

earth centered solar system

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19
Q

HEILIOCENTRIC THEORY

A

sun centered solar system

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20
Q

IDEAS

A

new ways of thinking

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21
Q

EXCOMMUNICATION

A

kicked from the church

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22
Q

INDIVIDUALISM

A

focus on the individual instead of the community

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23
Q

HUMANISM

A

focus on learning things from others, live life not to reach heaven, but to enjoy it

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24
Q

SECULARISM

A

non religious, the idea that church doesnt need to be involved in everything

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25
THE RENAISSANCE
Rebirth, transition from the middle ages to modern era, more focused on art and the individual instead of living to serve god
26
THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
Martin luther started the protestant reformation, ended the reign of the catholic church in europe, allowed people to challenge the churches beliefs, and split christianity into multiple groups
27
VOYAGES OF DISCOVEREY
wanted to locate a quicker route to asia for more goods
28
ARISTOTLE
discovered geocentric theory
29
PTOLEMY
adapted geocentric theory
30
JOHN CABOT
discovered NL
31
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
discovered americas
32
COPERNICUS
discovered heliocentric theory
33
GALILEO
used telescope to observe movement of the moons
34
FRANCIS BACON
stressed importance of experimentation and factual evidence
35
RENE DESCARTES
human reasoning as best road to understanding (i think, therefore, i am)
36
NEWTON
discovered gravity
37
ANDREAS VESALIUS
published first accurate book on human anatomy
38
ROBERT BOYLE
explained effect of temp and pressure on volume of glass
39
KEPLER
discovered planets dont move in perfect circles (orbits)
40
GOVERNMENT
governing body of a state/nation/community
41
IDEOLOGY
system of ideas and ideals
42
MONARCHY
government with a king or queen who rules all
43
AUTOCRACY
government with one person in power
44
ARISTOCRACY
government of a bunch of nobles in power
45
THEOCRACY
government where ruler is a divine figure
46
OLIGARCHY
government where power is in hands of a few people
47
DIRECT DEMOCRACY
government where citizens rule directly through represenatives
48
REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY
government where citizens elect representatives to rule for them
49
DICTATORSHIP
government where one dictator rules
50
DEMOCRACY
government controlled by citizens
51
RULE OF ONE, MANY, OR FEW
rule of one: one ruler rule of few: few rulers rule of many: many rulers
52
EGALITARIAN
social structure where people are generally equal with similar tasks and responsabilities
53
STATLELESS SOCIETIES
have minimal or no government
54
CITY STATE
city and surrounding area as a independent political unit
55
CONSENSUS
form of governing or decision making where all parties agree on an action
56
GOVERNMENT IN PALEOLITIHIC ERA
egalitarian, consensus
57
ATHENS AND ROMES GOVERNMENT
athens: 4 tyrants and direct democracy rome: establishment of a republic and representative democracy
58
COUNCIL OF 500
group of 500 council men who vote on things
59
ECCLESIA
political assembly of the citizens in ancient greece
60
SOCIAL CLASSES
your class in a society
61
HIERARCHY
system or organisation where groups are ranked based on power or money
62
CONSULS
roman, one of two powerful officials elected each year to command the army and direct the government
63
PATRICIANS
roman, member of the wealthy upper class
64
PLEBIANS
roman, common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up most of the population
65
THE TWELVE TABLES
first written laws of ancient rome
66
SENATE
roman, supreme governing body
67
MIDDLE AGES
period in European history following the fall of the roman empire
68
FEUDALISM
dominant social system in medieval Europe, where land is exchanged for services
69
FEUDAL PYRAMID
structure of feudal society resembled a pryamid
70
FEUDAL CONTRACT
agreement between the crown and lords to give services for land
71
MONARCH
royalty, queens or kings
72
COMMON LAW
law formed by rulings of Englands royal judges that serve as a basis for laws today
73
LORD
person who controlled land and could therefore grant estates to vassals
74
FIEF
estate granted to a vassal by a lord
75
VASSAL
person who received a grant of land from a lord in exchange for services or loyalty
76
KNIGHT
armored warriers who protected
77
SERF
peasant legally bound to live on a lords estate
78
PEASANT
someone of the lowest social status, usually poor
79
MANOR
lords estate
80
THE NORMAN CONQUEST
battle that brought feudalism to England
81
ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
monarch with absolute control
82
MAGNA CARTA
written promises between the king and his subjects, used to try and stop the crown from abusing its power
83
KING JOHN
cruel leader, signed magna carta
84
MODEL PARLIAMENT
group that helped the crown, decided ideas, and laws
85
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
parliament passed laws to limit monarchs power, king charles tried to arrest parliament leaders, war started, oliver cromwell takes over opon his victory
85
CHARLES I
king of england in 1625-1649, died during the english civil war
86
OLIVER CROMWELL
ruled england after the civil war, enforced strict religious laws
87
BILL OF RIGHTS (1689)
a law to restrict monarchs powers, while protecting citizens and parliament
88
THE RESTORATION
monarchy being restored in england after oliver cromwell
89
HABEAS CORPUS
latin for 'to have the body', every prisoner has rights to be put before a judge, judge decides if they are free or tried
90

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