SS3. Angiotensin 2

Question 1

What do the liver cells produce?

Answer 1

Angiotensinogen, consists of 452 AA, inactive.

Question 2

How is Angiotensinogen activated?

Answer 2

By Renin release by JG. They meet up and interact. Renin cuts off a part of angiotensinogen, leaving with just 10 AA –> Angiotensin 1. This is now activated.

Question 3

How is Angiotensin 2 created?

Answer 3

Angiotensin 1 finds its way into capillaries. The capillaries have an enzyme called angiotensin converting enzymes (ACE)
ACE cuts of 2 AA, which leaves 8 AA of Angiotensin 2, which is a very active hormone

Question 4

What does angiotensin 2 cause?

Answer 4

Rapid vasoconstriction by working on the smooth muscles of blood vessels, by increasing resistance

Question 5

What is the formla of increasing resistance with help of angiotensin 2?

Answer 5

deltaP: Q (stroke volume x heartrate) x resistance.

Question 6

What does angiotensin 2 affect?

Answer 6

1) Slow response to kidney, results in Na+ reabsorption, causing an increase in stroke volume
2) Pituitary gland, it releases ADH which also affects vasoconstriction and bloodvessels & H2O reabsorption in kidneys
3) Adrenal gland, releases aldosterone, results in Na+ reabsorption aka inrease in stroke volume

Question 7

What does ADH do in not-permeable cells?

Answer 7

It creates ADH

Question 8

Where do angiotensin and aldosterone work on?

Answer 8

They work on cells that are permeable, using salt strategy (pumping Na+ in blood, H2O follows)