SSEP Flashcards
(162 cards)
1
Q
SSEPs follow an Ascending/Sensory pathway, called the _____ Pathway.
A
Dorsal Column
2
Q
Flexion
A
Bending
decrease angle
3
Q
Extension
A
Straightening
increase angle
4
Q
Abduction
A
Lateral movement of the limbs away from the median
5
Q
Adduction
A
Movement of a limb or eye toward the median
6
Q
Pronantion
A
Palm/stomach down
7
Q
Supination
A
Palm/stomach up
8
Q
The DRG contains cell bodies of stimulated _____
A
Peripheral sensory axons
9
Q
_____ contains axons carrying evoked signals from lower extremities
A
Fasciculus Gracilis
10
Q
_____ contains axons carrying evoked signals from upper extremities
A
Fasciculus Cuneatus
11
Q
Fasciculus Cuneatus starts and ascends at _____
A
T6
12
Q
Anterior CST passes through the _____
A
Anterior Funiculus
13
Q
Lateral CST passes through the _____
A
Lateral Funiculus
14
Q
The cervical spinal cord does not have a _____ horn
A
lateral
15
Q
The end of the spinal cord is called the _____
A
conus medularis
16
Q
The collection of spinal roots at the end of the spinal cord is called the _____
A
cauda equina
17
Q
The brainstem consists of the _____, _____, and _____.
A
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
18
Q
1st order neurons synapse at the _____.
A
Caudal medulla
19
Q
1st order synapse for lower extremities is the _____
A
nucleus gracilis
20
Q
1st order synapse for upper extremities is the _____
A
nucleus cuneatus
21
Q
NC and NG decussate via the _____
A
internal arcuate fibers
22
Q
Internal arcuate fibers from the NC and NG for the _____ on the contralateral side
A
medial lemniscus
23
Q
The medial lemniscal tracts ascend to the _____
A
VPL of the thalamus
24
Q
The _____ is the site of the 2nd synapse
A
VPL of the thalamus
25
From the VPL, axons pass through the _____ to S1
posterior limb of the internal capsule
26
_____ is the site of the 3rd synapse
S1, Area 3b of layer IV
27
Surface electrodes use _____ as a binding agent
Hydrogel on Ag/Ag-Cl
28
Surface electrodes should be placed _____cm apart
2-3cm
29
The anode (+) is always placed _____
distal
30
The cathode (-) is always placed _____
proximal
31
Current moves from the _____ to the _____
positive (anode)
| cathode (negative)
32
The cathode is where _____ occurs
depolarization
33
the anode is where _____ occurs
hyperpolarization
34
The resting membrane potential is at _____
-70mV
35
If the cathode/anode are placed too close together, you'll get a _____ amplitude
small
36
If the cathode/anode are placed too far apart, you'll get a _____
large stimulus artifact
37
The stim boxes are _____ current stimulators.
constant
38
If current is fixed, the machine must provide a higher _____ to compensate for higher resistance. higher _____ = larger _____.
voltage
voltage
stimulus artifact
39
Cathode placement of median nerve stimulation is between the tendons of the _____ and _____
palmaris longus
| flexor carpi radialis
40
An alternative site for median stimulation is _____, at the _____.
medial to the biceps brachii tendon
| cubital fossa
41
Ulnar nerve stimulation is between the _____ and _____.
flexor carpi ulnaris
ulnar artery
proximal wrist crease
42
An alternative site for ulnar nerve stimulation is the _____.
medial epicondyle of the humerus
43
Radial nerve stimulation is just proximal to the _____
lateral epicondyl at the elbow
44
Posterior tibial nerve stimulation is midway between the _____ and _____.
medial malleolus
| achilles tendon
45
Alternative PTN stimulation is at the _____
popliteal fossa
46
Peroneal nerve stimulation at the _____, medial to the tendon of the _____.
knee
| biceps femoris
47
Peroneal nerve alternative sites are _____ and _____
medial/lateral malleolus
| popliteal space
48
Femoral nerve stimulation _____
lateral to the femoral artery
49
Ulnar nerve should be used if at level of _____
5th cervical vertebrae or below
50
vertebral column is _____ bones
26
51
_____ cervical vertibrae
7
52
_____ thoracic vertebrae
12
53
_____ lumbar vertebrae
5
54
_____ sacral verebrae
5
55
_____ coccygeal vertebrae
4
56
cervical vertebrae have a _____ foramen for the _____.
transverse
| vertebral arteries
57
Cervical vertebrae (-C_) have a _____ spinous process
bifid
58
cervical plexus is at
c1-4
59
brachial plexus is at
c5-8
| t1
60
lumbar plexus is at
l1-4
61
sacral plexus is at
l4-5
| s1-4
62
supraclavicular nerve is at
c3-4
63
transverse cutaneous nerve is at
c2-3
64
greater auricular nerve is at
c2-3
65
lesser occipital nerve is at
c2-3
66
greater occipital nerve is at
c2
67
phrenic nerve is at
c3-5
68
musculocutaneous nerve is at
c5-7
69
axillary nerve is at
c5-6
70
radial nerve is at
c5-t1
71
medial nerve is at
c5-t1
72
ulnar nerve is at
c8-t1
73
iliohypogastric nerve is at
l1
74
illioinguinal nerve is at
l1
75
genitofemoral nerve is at
l1-2
76
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is at
l2-3
77
obturator nerve is at
l2-4
78
femoral nerve is at
l2-4
79
sciatic nerve is at
l4-s3
80
tibial nerve is at
l4-s3
81
common peroneal nerve is at
l4-s2
82
pudendal nerve is at
s2-4
83
upper stim intensity
15-25mA
84
lower stim intensity
30-50mA
85
Upper/Lower pulse width
0.2ms
86
Upper/lower rep rate
4.7Hz
87
If SSEPs have low amplitude, you could...
Increase the intensity
Increase the pulse width
Decrease the RR
88
HFF filters are analagous to ___
LPF
89
LFF filters are analagous to ___
HPF
90
Peripheral and cervical responses should be filtered by HFF of ___
1500Hz
91
Cortical responses should be filtered by HFF of ___
250Hz
92
Peripheral, cervical, and cortical responses should be filtered by LFF of ___
30Hz
93
Peripheral and cervical responses should go through a band pass filter of ___
30-1500Hz
94
Cortical responses should go through a band pass filter of ___
30-250Hz
95
Notch filters are not recommended for ____
SSEPs
96
If you are getting a lot of noise in cervical or peripheral responses, you could lower HFF from ___ to ___
1500
| 1000
97
Time base for uppers is _
5ms per divison *10
| 50ms total
98
Time base for lowers is _
10ms per division *10
| 100ms total
99
Recommended trials for recording SSEP average
300 runs
100
UE N9 is analogous to
erb's point
101
UE Obligates (5)
```
N9
N13
P14
N18
N20
```
102
LE Obligates (4)
LP
P31
N34
P37
103
N20 is the _ response from stimulating UE
cortical
104
N20 is a _ field response
near
105
P14 is a _ field response
far
106
N18 UE is a _ field response
far
107
N34 LE is a _ field response
far
108
Stationary potentials have a _, irrespective of their position
constant latency
109
Propagating potentials have _ depending on electrode position
shifting latencies
110
N9 (_) is a _ potential
UE propagated
111
N13 (_) is a _ potential
UE stationary
112
N13 (_) generator
UE cervical cord
113
P14 (_) generator
UE Caudal ML
114
N18 (_) generator
UE Brainstem/Thalamus
115
N20 (_) generator
UE S1
116
N9 (_) generator
LE Pop Fossa
117
LP Generator
Lumbar cord
118
P31 (_) generator
LE
| subcortical
119
N34 (_) generator
LE
| BS
120
P37 (_) generator
LE
| S1
121
N9 UE channel
| active vs ref
EPI vs EPC
122
N13 UE channel
| active vs ref
C5S vs EPC
123
P14/N18 UE channel
| active vs ref
CPI vs EPC
124
N20 UE channel
| active vs ref
CPC vs CPI/Fz
125
N9 LE channel
| active vs ref
PFI vs PFC
126
P31/N34 LE channel
| active vs ref
FPZ vs C5S
127
P37 LE channel
| active vs ref
CPZ vs Fpz
128
Central conduction time (CCT)
dif in time between 2 points in the CNS
129
Peripheral conduction time (PCT)
dif in time between 2 points in the PNS
130
Median SSEP will have a larger or smaller amplitude than ulnar?
larger
131
Median nerve root levels
C5-T1
132
Ulnar nerve root levels
C8-T1
133
supplies ant 2/3 of sc
ASA
134
supplies post 1/3 of SC
PSA
135
ASA and PSA arise from
vertebral arteries
136
supplies blood to structures in and around spinal canal and each level
segmental arteries
137
segmental arteries arise directly from the
aorta
138
segmental arteries are called _ in the thoracic region
intercostal arteries
139
segmental arteries are called _ in the lumbar region
lumbar arteries
140
branch from the intercostal or lumbar arteries
radicular arteries
141
PSA radicular arteries are called
radiculopial arteries
142
ASA radicular arteries are called
radiculomedullary arteries
143
One radicular artery that connects to ASA forms the _
artery of adamkiewicz
144
Artery of adamkiewicz arises from _ or _
left inferior intercostal artery
| first lumbar artery
145
Branches of ASA form
sulcal arteries
146
vessels from both the asa and psa encircle the spinal cord forming a _
pial plexus
147
vessels of the pial plexus constitute the _
vasocorona
148
vasocorona provides a _ between ASA and PSA
limited anastomosis
| connection
149
outer disc is called the
annulus fibrosus
150
inner disc is called the
nucleus pulposus
151
HNP
herniated nucleus pulposus
152
removal of softer structers use a
putuitary rongeur
153
corpectomy
removal of the vertebral body to decrompress
154
Map
60mmHg
155
MAP =
DP + 1/3 Pulse Pressure
156
Pulse pressure =
SP - DP
157
decadron is a _
steroid
158
decadron is used to _
suppress inflamatory response
159
pentobarbital is a _
barbituate
160
hematocrit
percent of whole blood that is composed of rbc
161
MAC
minimum alveolar concentration
162
PAR for SSEP
.75 Mac inhalational agent
<=50%
muscle relaxants ok
narcotics ok
