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MLSC 3008 > SST & Wound Infections > Flashcards

SST & Wound Infections Flashcards

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1
Q

What is intertrigo?

A

Inflammatory cutaneous condition on body areas subject to hear, moisture & friction

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2
Q

Causative agents of intertrigo?

A

Canadida albicans, S. aureus & coliforms

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3
Q

What is erythrasma?

A

Superficial, chronic skin infection, itchy reddish-brown macules
Lesions fluoresce under Wood’s lamp

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4
Q

Causative agent of erythramsa?

A

Corynebacterium minutissimum

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5
Q

What is dermatophytosis?

A

Superficial infection, tinea (ringworm)

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6
Q

Causative agent of dermatophytosis?

A

dermatophyte fungi

Tricophyton, Microsporum & Epidermophyton

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7
Q

What is Tinea versicolor?

A

hypopigmented macules

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8
Q

Causative agent of Tinea versicolor?

A

Malassezia furfur

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9
Q

List the infectious dermatitis.

A
  1. Intertrigo
  2. Erythrasma
  3. Dermatophytosis
  4. Tinea versicolor
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10
Q

What is impetigo?

A

childhood
itching –> spreading
Non-bullous = crusty, yellowish lesions
bullous –> fluid-filled blisters, brown crust

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11
Q

Causative agents of non-bullous & bullous impetigo?

A 
non-bullous = Group A strep
bullous = S. aureus
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12
Q

Progression of untreated impetigo penetrates the dermis and is called _______?

A

Ecthyma

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13
Q

What is erysipelas?

A

superficial cellulitis - painrful areas w/ raised borders & fever

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14
Q

Causative agent of erysipelas?

A

Group A strep

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15
Q

What is erysipeloid?

A

Superficial infection of finger,

FIsherman, meat handlers

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16
Q

Causative agent of erysipeloid?

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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17
Q

What is anthrax?

A

ulcerative lesions on face, neck & arms

painless papules –> necrotic

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18
Q

Causative agent of anthrax?

A

Bacillus anthrax

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19
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

spreading infection on skin, inflammation, edema, fever

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20
Q

Causative agents of cellulitis?

A

S. aureus, S. pyogenes
childern - H. influenzae
aquatic - Aeromonas spp. (fresh water), Vibrio spp. (sea water)

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21
Q

What is paronychia?

A

infection of nail cuticle

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22
Q

Causative agent of paronychia?

A 
S. aureus (acute)
Candida albicans (chronic)
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23
Q

What is folliculitis?

A

inflammation & minor infection in hair follicles (red papules)

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24
Q

Causative agents of folliculitis?

A

S. aureus
P. aeruginosa
Malassezia spp.

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25
What is furuncle and Cabuncles?
Furuncle: abscess near hair follicels ("boils" of pus) Carbuncles: more serious - extends deeper
26
Causative agent of furuncle & carbuncles?
S. aureus
27
List the 8 pyodermas.
1. Impetigo 2. Erysipelas 3. Erysipeloid 4. Anthrax 5. Cellulitis 6. Paronychia 7. Folliculitis 8. Furuncle & Carbuncles
28
Which organisms are associated with human bites?
Eikenella corrodans
29
Which organisms are associated with cat/dog bites?
``` Pasteurella multocida S. intermedius Neisseria animaloris Capnocytophaga canimorsus Bergeyella zoohelcum ```
30
Which organisms are associated with rat bites?
Streptobaccillus moniformis
31
What are Eikenella corrodan's microscopic features & reactions to the four rapid tests?
Pit agar, yellow pigment, greenish discolouration on media + Bleach odor Oxidase (+) Catalase, indole & urease (–)
32
What are Pasturella multicocida's microscopic features & reactions to the four rapid tests?
sm pale gnb/gncb "mousy" odor Oxidase, catalase & indole (+) Urease (–)
33
What are S. intermedius' microscopic features & reactions to the four rapid tests?
staph-like, but NEVER pigmented | PYR+
34
What are Neisseria animaloris' microscopic features & reactions to the four rapid tests?
gnb/gncb Oxidase & catalase (+) Indole & urease (-)
35
What are Capnocytophaga canimorsus' microscopic features & reactions to the four rapid tests?
``` long gnb, fusiform grows on CHOC, poorly on BAP, NG on MAC gliding motility Oxidase & catalase (+) Indole & urease (-) ```
36
What are Bergeyella zoohelcum's microscopic features & reactions to the four rapid tests?
small gnb grows on CHOC & BAP - yellow, sticky colony Oxidase, catalase, indole & urease (strong) (+)
37
What are Streptobacillus moniformis' microscopic features?
gnb pleo grows slow on BAP Increased moisture
38
What is myositis?
infection in muscle - may involve necrosis
39
Causative agent of myositis?
S. aureus - but almost anything
40
What is myonecrosis?
More extensive necrosis possibly polymicrobic sever pain, edema, gas & tissue damage
41
Causative agents of myonecrosis?
Clostridium spp. ("gas gangrene") Anaerobic streptococci Enterbacteriaceae
42
What is necrotizing fasciitis?
"flesh-eating disease" severe pain & toxic rapid spread
43
Causative agents of necrotizing fasciitis?
S. pyogenes S. aureus Bacteroides C. perfringens
44
Causative agents of post-surgical infections?
Anaerobes S. aureus Streptococci E.coli
45
Causative agents due to soil-contaminated trauma wounds?
Pseudomonas | C. tetani/other clostridia
46
Causative agents due to fresh-water contaminated trauma wounds?
Aeromonas | Plesiomonas
47
Causative agents due to sea-water contaminated trauma wounds?
Vibrio vulnificus
48
Causative agents for burns?
``` S. aureus E.coli gnb P.aeruginosa streptococci CoNS Candida & Aspergillus ```
49
Causative agents of decubitis ulcers?
``` infections are polymicrobic: Streptococci S. aureus coliforms Pseudomonas Anaerobes (mainly Bacteroides) ```
50
What are the 3 types of nodular lymphagitis?
Sporotichosis Nocardiosis Actinomycosis
51
What is sporotichosis?
painless nodule - spreads along lymphatic channels
52
Causative agent of sporotichosis?
Sporothrix schenckii
53
What is nocardiosis?
cutaneous & non-cutaneous (brain & meninges lesions - supurative necrosis)
54
Causative agents of nocardiosis?
``` Norcarida brasiliensis (cutaneous) Nocardia asteroids (invasive) ```
55
What is actinomycosis?
chronic - abscesses, fibrosis of soft tissue, sulphur granules Face & neck infection "lumpy jaw"
56
Causative agent of actinomycosis?
Actinomyces israelii
57
What are the 5 mycobacterial organisms?
``` M. marinum M. ulcerans M. fortuitum M. chelonae M. tuberculosis ```
58
What is the best specimen, growth rate, atmosphere and staining for mycobacterial organisms?
- skin biopsy or lesion drainages - slow, 18-24 days to appear on plates - routine - AFB stain
59
Source of infection of M. marinum?
"swimming pool granuloma" - nodular lymphangitis
60
Source of infection of M. ulcerans?
tropical wetlands (swamps)
61
Source of infection of M. fortuitum & M. chelonae?
Found in soil | Infection after MVA, nails, splinters
62
Source of infection of M. tuberculosis?
Tuberculosis chancre & TVC lesions in tropical areas where children walk
63
What is Mycetoma?
chronic skin & subcutaneous infection | progresses slowly - destructive - INVOLVES BONE
64
Two names Mycetoma is known by when caused by fungi or bacteria? And name the causative agents.
Eumycetoma (fungal) - Aspergillus spp. Madurella spp. Pseudoallexcheria boydii Actinomycetoma (bacteria) - Nocardia, Actinimodura spp.
65
What is chromoblastomycosis?
chronic spreading mycosis | slow progression - large wart (cauliflower like)
66
Causative agents of chromoblastomycosis?
``` dark walled fungi Fonsecaea pedrosoi F. compacta Philofora Verucisa Chladophialofora carionii ```
67
What is phaeohyphomycosis?
infections caused by dark walled fungi | Expand to involve deeper tissues
68
What is murcormycosis?
soft tissue fungal infection | dissemination is common
69
What is lobomycosis?
progresses slowly - forms nodules on face, arms, legs & feet Treatment: ONLY surgical excision
70
Causative agent of lobomycosis?
Lacazia loboi
71
What systemic infection does Pseudomonas cause & describe it.
Ecthyma Gangrenosum (EG) - skin lesion - painless flat - bullae - black eschar - hemorrhage & necrosis
72
What systemic infection does Treponema pallidum cause & describe it.
Syphilis - 1o = genital lesion - painless - 2o = malculopapular rash CANNOT be cultured
73
What systemic infection does Borrelia burgdoferi cause & describe it.
Lyme disease "erythema migrans" - red rash w/ defined borders - "bull's eye" lesion
74
What systemic infection does Bartonella henselae cause & describe it.
Bartonellosis - cat scratch fever 1o = papule, then flu - skin lesions in crops 2o = enlarged lymph nodes, bacteremia & endocaridits
75
What systemic infection does Bartonella quintana cause & describe it.
Bartonellosis - trench fever transmitted by body lice presents like cat scratch fever
76
What are the specimens collected and morphology of Bartonella henselae?
lesion biopsies & blood cultures - sm wk staining gnb (curve) - G on CHOC, BAP - NG on MAC

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