ST #1 SCIENCE

Question 1

Gathers information from both inside and outside the body

Answer 1

Sensory Function

Question 2

Processes the information in the brain and spine

Answer 2

Integration Function

Question 3

Sends information to the muscles, glands, and organs so they can respond appropriately

Answer 3

Motor Function

Question 4

The Nervous System is divided into Two Main Divisions:
_____________?
_____________?

Answer 4

-Central Nervous System (CNS)
-Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 5

Controls Organs in times of stress.

Answer 5

Sympathetic Nervous System

Question 6

Controls Organs when the body is resting.

Answer 6

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Question 7

• Basic functional cell of nervous system
• Transmits impulses (up to 250 mph)

Answer 7

Neuron

Question 8

Receive stimulus and carries it impulses toward the cell body

Answer 8

Dendrite

Question 9

Nucleus & most of cytoplasm

Answer 9

Cell Body with Nucleus

Question 10

Fiber which carries impulses away from cell body

Answer 10

Axon

Question 11

Cells which produce myelin or fat layer in the Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 11

Schwann Cells

Question 12

Dense lipid layer which insulates the axon and makes the axon look gray

Answer 12

Myelin sheath

Question 13

Gaps or nodes in the myelin sheath

Answer 13

Node of Ranvier

Question 14

Impulses travel from dendrite to cell body to axon.

Answer 14

NOTE

Question 15

Three types of Neurons

Answer 15

*Sensory neurons – bring messages to CNS
*Motor neurons - carry messages from CNS
*Interneurons – between sensory & motor neurons in the
CNS

Question 16

A ______ is a change in the environment with sufficient strength to initiate a response.

Answer 16

Stimulus

Question 17

_______ is the ability of a neuron to respond to the stimulus and convert it into a nerve impulse.

Answer 17

Excitability

Question 18

The stimulus is either strong enough to start and impulse or nothing happens

Answer 18

All of Nothing Rule

Question 19

-small gap or space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another
-the neurons do not actually tough at the synapse

Answer 19

Synapse

Question 20

Chemicals in the junction which allow impulses to be started in the second neuron

Answer 20

Neurotransmitters

Question 21

Receptor

Answer 21

reacts to a stimulus

Question 22

Afferent pathway (sensory neuron)

Answer 22

conducts impulses to the CNS

Question 23

. Interneuron

Answer 23

• consists of one or more synapses in the CNS (most are in the spine)

Question 24

Efferent pathway (motor neuron)

Answer 24

conducts impulses from CNS to effector

Question 25

Effector

Answer 25

Muscle fibers (as in the Hamstring muscle) or glands responds by contracting or secreting a product.

Question 26

Initiated and completed at the spinal cord level. Occur without the involvement of higher brain centers.

Answer 26

Spinal reflexes

Question 27

Central Nervous System * Brain -Brain stem – medulla, pons, midbrain -Diencephalon – thalamus & hypothalamus -Cerebellum -Cerebrum * Spine -Spinal Cord

Answer 27

Note

Question 28

Coordination of movement and aspects of motor learning

Answer 28

Cerebellum

Question 29

Conscious activity including perception, emotion, thought, and planning

Answer 29

Cerebrum

Question 30

– Brain’s switchboard – filters and then relays information to various brain regions

Answer 30

Thalamus

Question 31

Vital reflexes as heart beat and respiration

Answer 31

Medulla

Question 32

Medulla, pons, and midbrain (involuntary responses) and relays information from spine to upper brain

Answer 32

Brainstem

Question 33

Involved in regulating activities internal organs, monitoring information from the autonomic nervous system, controlling the pituitary gland and its hormones, and regulating sleep and appetite

Answer 33

Hypothalamus

Question 34

* Is the largest portion of the brain encompasses about two-thirds of the brain mass * It consists of two hemispheres divided by a fissure – corpus callosum * It includes the cerebral cortex, the medullary body, and basal ganglia * The cerebral cortex is the layer of the brain often referred to as gray matter because it has cell bodies and synapses but no myelin

Answer 34

Cerebrum

Question 35

Lobes of the Cerebrum

Answer 35

* Frontal – motor area involved in movement and in planning & coordinating behavior * Parietal – sensory processing, attention, and language * Temporal – auditory perception, speech, and complex visual perceptions * Occipital – visual center – plays a role in processing visual information

Question 36

What Lobe? the motor area involved in movement and in planning & coordinating behavior

Answer 36

Frontal

Question 37

What Lobe? Sensory processing, attention, and language

Answer 37

Parietal

Question 38

Auditory perception, speech, and complex visual perceptions

Answer 38

Temporal

Question 39

- visual center – plays a role in processing visual information

Answer 39

Occipital

Question 40

– located in the frontal lobe – important in the production of speech

Answer 40

Broca’s area

Question 41

.

Question 42

A group of brain structures (aamygdala, hippocampus, septum, basal ganglia, and others) that help regulate the expression of emotions and emotional memory

Answer 42

Limbic System

Question 43

_____ _____ are rhythmic fluctuation of electric potential between parts of the brain as seen on an electroencephalogram (EEG).

Answer 43

Brain Waves

Question 44

There are four types of brainwaves: - - - -

Answer 44

-Beta -Alpha -Theta -Delta

Question 45

* 12 pair * Attached to undersurface of brain

Answer 45

Cranial nerves

Question 46

* 31 pair * Attached to spinal cord

Answer 46

Spinal nerves

Question 47

* Relays information from skin, sense organs & skeletal muscles to CNS * Brings responses back to skeletal muscles for voluntary responses

Answer 47

Somatic Nervous System (voluntary)

Question 48

* Regulates bodies involuntary responses * Relays information to internal organs * Two divisions *Sympathetic nervous system – in times of stress -Emergency response -Fight or flight *Parasympathetic nervous system – when body is at rest or with normal functions -Normal everyday conditions