St Chpt 5

Question 1

___________ is the highest tactical priority at the incident scene.

Answer 1

Saving lives

Question 2

Probably the most important safety factor at the scene of a structure fire is A well organize operation based on a solid _______ using effective tactics.

Answer 2

Risk versus benefit analysis

Question 3

The annual on duty firefighter fatalities report for the previous calendar year is published each year in the _______ Edition of the NFPA journal.

Answer 3

July/August

Question 4

The annual on duty firefighter injury report is published in the________ issue of the nfpa journal.

Answer 4

November/December

Question 5

The NFPA defines the term “__________” as an injury occurring while at the scene of alarms, whether fire or non fire; When responding to or returning from alarms; when performing other duties, including training maintenance, public education, inspection, investigation, ETC.; And while performing non fire duties or official assignment station duty.

Answer 5

On duty injury

Question 6

If the on duty injury prove fatal or any illness that was incurred as a result of actions while on duty proves fatal, then the death is counted as an __________.

Answer 6

On duty fatality

Question 7

most _________ occur in home dwellings and apartments fires because most fires occur in these occupancies.

Answer 7

Firefighter fatalities

Question 8

The probability of fatality is much greater in a__________ than in a residence.

Answer 8

Manufacturing occupancy

Question 9

____ are the two leading causes of on duty fire fatalities at structure fires.

Answer 9

Cardiac events and asphyxiation

Question 10

____________are responsible for slightly more than-one third of firefighter fatalities at structure fires.

Answer 10

sudden cardiac death

Question 11

_________ Accounts for almost equal number of fire fighter on duty deaths when working at structure fires.

Answer 11

asphyxiation

Question 12

Over ______ of all injuries occur on the fire ground, and over _____ of on duty injuries are strains and sprains.

Answer 12

45% and 55 %

Question 13

Probably the most important element of the incident safety program is applying_________ To fire ground operations.

Answer 13

Risk management

Question 14

The concept of probability is important to the _________.

Answer 14

Risk management process

Question 15

The primary fuel load for most structure fires is made up of the _________.

Answer 15

Combustible contents

Question 16

The _______ consists of fuels provided by the contents and combustible building materials.

Answer 16

Fire or fuel load

Question 17

A firefighter walking on a roof creates a _______ that is concentrated on a fairly small area the size of his or her boot.

Answer 17

Live load

Question 18

Using a roof ladder distributes this_________over a much greater surface area, reducing the chance of penetrating a weakened section of roof.

Answer 18

Live load

Question 19

Fire intensity, burn time, content load, and construction methods and materials all affect _______.

Answer 19

Structural stability

Question 20

The _______ states that when a heavy volume of fire is burning out of control on two or more floors for 20 minutes or longer, structural collapse should be anticipated.

Answer 20

20 minute rule

Question 21

This rule is based on type 3 ordinary construction

Answer 21

20 min rule

Question 22

NFPA 1500 requires dispatch to notify command every ______ until the fire is knocked down, the incident becomes static, or the IC cancels the notification.

Answer 22

10 min

Question 23

It is critical that _______ take into account the time the fire was burning prior to notification and while units were responding, not just the amount of time since they arrived.

Answer 23

Burn time

Question 24

When changing from a an offensive to a defensive operation, a managed _______ is best

Answer 24

Managed retreat

Question 25

When deciding on an offensive or defensive strategy or when placing companies for rescue or fire attack, the fire officer must take _________ into account.

Answer 25

Structural stability

Question 26

Light weight construction methods are structurally sound under normal conditions. In fact, the added strength allows builders to place roof trusses _____ on center, whereas the earlier methods required ____ on center supports.

Answer 26

24 in and 16 in

Question 27

__________systems frequently fail under fire conditions, with little warning to the firefighter

Answer 27

Lightweight construction

Question 28

Unprotected ________ used in noncombustible construction fail quickly when exposed to high heat.

Answer 28

Metal trusses

Question 29

_________ generally results in a large area of damage.

Answer 29

Truss Roof collapse

Question 30

Wood truss construction typically uses _______ in place of nails.

Answer 30

Gusset plates

Question 31

Many decisions to conduct the attack in the defensive rather than offensive mode are based on _______.

Answer 31

Structural stability

Question 32

The _________ consists of layers of materials supporting soil used to grow vegetation on a roof, which also provides roof insulation.

Answer 32

Green roof

Question 33

________ not only add to the roof load, they create a potential ignition source, make roof ventilation more difficult, and present an electrical shock hazard that is difficult to deenergize .

Answer 33

Solar panels

Question 34

The changes that have occurred in the density and dimensions of newer lumber have compounded the problem of structural failure in ________.

Answer 34

Wood construction

Question 35

If the basement is partially above ground, other tactics may be available such as operating host streams through a basement window to control and limit the fire by_______.

Answer 35

Softening the target

Question 36

_________ Our tactics that could be used to knock down the main body a fire in the basement that is partially out of the ground

Answer 36

Pulsing and indirect attacks

Question 37

Floor collapse is a major concern when combating a _______.

Answer 37

Basement fire

Question 38

Suspended ceilings are used to hide open construction methods such as ________, thus creating a large undivided concealed space.

Answer 38

Trusses

Question 39

It is important to remember that the five building categories listed do not represent all possible construction methods. As an example non combustible buildings are further subdivided into _________

Answer 39

Protected and non protected

Question 40

The non combustible building is sometimes mistaken for_______ due to the non burning characteristics of the structure.

Answer 40

Fire resistive

Question 41

The _______ will normally be masonry or metal on the exterior with lightweight metal trusses as a roof structure.

Answer 41

Non combustible building

Question 42

These buildings often have large open areas with long structural spans. Once the fire enters the truss space, expect imminent roof collapse.

Answer 42

Non combustible

Question 43

If the sprinkler system is out of service or ineffective, these buildings should be considered________.

Answer 43

Non-code compliant structures

Question 44

A good rule of thumb when determining collapse zone distances for most buildings is to establish an area _________.

Answer 44

1 1/2 times the height of the fire building

Question 45

When a defensive stand is a reasonable alternative, _______ of buildings are normally safer than those on the flat side of the wall.

Answer 45

Positions at the corners

Question 46

When total collapse is imminent, collapse zones represent______ that no one is permitted to enter, regardless of the level of protective clothing.

Answer 46

No entry zones

Question 47

Two blocks in all directions beyond the building on fire is a good rule of thumb approximation for the _______.

Answer 47

Fire perimeter

Question 48

The building structure is only minimally affected during the ________ of the fire

Answer 48

Ignition phase and early growth phase

Question 49

Structural stability is compromised as the fire continues to burn the through the growth phase to the ________.

Answer 49

Fully develop phase

Question 50

Occupant survival is improbable in a post _______ compartment, and even fully protected fire fighters will quickly succumb under flashover conditions.

Answer 50

Post flashover compartment

Question 51

Fires involving the content of the building are categorized as _______ whereas fires involving actual structural members are considered _______.

Answer 51

Building fires and structure fires

Question 52

Which is the time from ignition until fire is reported to the dispatch center.

Answer 52

Pre burn time

Question 53

This includes the time for the dispatcher to take the call, select the units for assignment, and then dispatch the companies.

Answer 53

Dispatch time

Question 54

This is the time from the receipt of the alarm by the fire department until the apparatus crosses the front door sill of the fire station or otherwise begins response toward the scene.

Answer 54

Turn out time

Question 55

NFPA 1710 sets a time objective of _________ turnout time for fire and special operations response.

Answer 55

1 minute 20 seconds

Question 56

The time interval that begins when the unit is enroute to the emergency incident and ends when a unit arrives at the scene

Answer 56

Travel time

Question 57

Average response times can be established by using computer models. If computer models are not available reasonably accurate estimation can be determined by using empirical methods, such as the _____.

Answer 57

ISO formula which states that 1.7x distance + 0.65 = travel time or the RAND average speed of 35 mph

Question 58

NFPA 1710 establishes a travel time goal of_______ for the first arriving engine company and ________ for the entire first alarm.

Answer 58

4 minutes 240 seconds 8 minutes 480 seconds

Question 59

Is the time necessary to position the apparatus, advance the first hose line into an attack position, and apply water .

Answer 59

Set up time

Question 60

Upon assembling the necessary resources at the emergency scene, the fire department should have the capability to safely commence an initial attack within_______

Answer 60

2 min 90 Percent of the time

Question 61

Ordinary solid materials must be preheated to the point at which vapor fuel is release, through a process called _______

Answer 61

Pyrolysis

Question 62

If there is sufficient oxygen available when the contained fuels reach ignition temperature, a _____ occurs.

Answer 62

Flashover

Question 63

The _______ position is mobile

Answer 63

Safety officer

Question 64

The ________ should be at a fixed location

Answer 64

Accountability officer

Question 65

Because accountability procedures become more important as the incident increases in size and complexity, it is very likely that mutual aid resources will be at the scene. Therefore, a ________ to an accountability system is the only logical choice.

Answer 65

Regional approach

Question 66

The ______ are the preferred means of access and egress, but they are sometimes untenable or inadequate

Answer 66

Interior stairs

Question 67

Would be a second preferred choice of egress/access because using —

Answer 67

Fire escapes

Question 68

The —

Answer 68

Pass device

Question 69

Caught or trapped is the cause of injury in more than _____ of all fire ground fatalities

Answer 69

75%

Question 70

A common practice in the past was for the first due truck Company to _______ By placing a letter somewhere anywhere on the building

Answer 70

Claim the building

Question 71

In a high-rise operation on an upper floor, The RIC and RIC equipment should be located ________ below the fire floor so RIC members do not extend their air supply while on standby, but are near areas where firefighters are working.

Answer 71

One or more

Question 72

Whenever possible interior hose lines should attack from the_______.

Answer 72

Same access point

Question 73

The time between suppression and final ______ is an ideal time to rotate personnel through rehabilitation while the building airs out.

Answer 73

Overhaul

Question 74

Rehabilitation can be divided into three phases

Answer 74

Pre-incident hydration and preparation Incident rehabilitation Post incident recovery

Question 75

While awaiting calls, members should pre-hydrated by drinking ______ of water every 6 hours plus liquids that are infested with meals.

Answer 75

6 to 8 hours

Question 76

NFPA 1584 stipulates that rehabilitation should be provided after the second, ______,______, or ______.

Answer 76

30 min cylinder 45 min or 60 min cylinder After 40 minutes of strenuous work without an scba

Question 77

The only safe collapse zone is one that is equal to the ____ plus an allowance for scattering debris

Answer 77

Height of the building

Question 78

An IC confronted with a well involved fire should ______ when making a decision to conduct operations in the offensive mode

Answer 78

Start the clock

Question 79

_____ spaces have played a major role in fire fatalities at structure fires.

Answer 79

Truss roofs and concealed spaces

Question 80

Knowing common construction methods used in the departments response area is important to

Answer 80

Safe and effective fire operations

Question 81

The immediate availability of a_______ is more than a means of extinguishment: it is also an important safety factor

Answer 81

Charged hose line

Question 82

Can cut off the primary means of egress for fire fighters.

Answer 82

Fire extension

Question 83

Fires that enter and are confined to concealed ceiling areas are particularly prone to

Answer 83

Get behind the fire fighter

Question 84

The ______, like the truss roof, creates a large, concealed space and is less fire resistive than heavier solid beam construction.

Answer 84

Truss floor

Question 85

Establishing a ______ is critical when structural stability is the reason for a defensive attack

Answer 85

Collapse zone

Question 86

The ______ for a fire in a multistory building would normally include the fire floor, floors above the fire, and one or two floors below the fire.

Answer 86

Hot zone

Question 87

If the fire is not contained and an exterior attack becomes necessary, the hot zone is moved far away from the structure to place fire fighters outside the collapse zone and in fresh air. The collapse zone becomes a _______

Answer 87

No entry zone

Question 88

However, _____ remains a major life safety and extinguishment factor, as a fire may progress at a slower rate due to a number of factors

Answer 88

Response time

Question 89

The principle to keep in mind is that _______ are critical factors

Answer 89

Fire Growth and time

Question 90

OSHA regulations require a _______ attack configuration for the initial attack when firefighters enter a fire area but with an imminent life threatening situation.

Answer 90

Two in/two out rule

Question 91

The main point to be made in studying the flashover/survival collapse charts is that _____ is a critical factor

Answer 91

Time

Question 92

Fire fighters must use extreme caution when opening doors and windows when the fire is ventilation limited. The fire will almost surely gain intensity and possible result in

Answer 92

Flashover or backdraft

Question 93

Initially, ______ tend to be the most critical problems when encountering a working fire in a small volume compartment such as in the apartment building

Answer 93

Flashover or backdraft

Question 94

Firefighters in need of assistance transmit a

Answer 94

Mayday

Question 95

Departments should establish an emergency evacuation signal. One method is to use apparatus air horns to signal retreat, such as

Answer 95

10 three second blasts

Question 96

The drop everything and run tactic is more often used during

Answer 96

defensive operations

Question 97

For offensive operations, an _____ is generally a better alternative

Answer 97

Organized retreat

Question 98

Except in situations of imminent life threatening circumstances, splitting a crew to provide a _______ during initial operations is required by NFPA 1500 and osha regulations when only one company or unit is on scene and entry is made into a burning structure

Answer 98

Two out team

Question 99

Routine requests for a PAR at a designated time or whenever there is a change in tactics reinforces the concept of ______ and ensures that officers are aware of the location of the personnel assigned to them

Answer 99

Personnel accountability

Question 100

It is important to point out that the ______ is not a substitute for safe and effective operations

Answer 100

RIC

Question 101

Formulating an incident action plan based on a risk vs benefits analysis, combined with good tactics and company level attention to safety will reduce the need for _____

Answer 101

Emergency Rescues

Question 102

In the initial stages of an operation, with only one crew operating at the scene, the pump operator and one additional fire fighter are generally assigned as the

Answer 102

RIC

Question 103

A ____ is an indispensable tool when the exact location of the fire fighter needing assistance is unknown

Answer 103

TIC thermal imaging camera

Question 104

When notified that a fire fighter needs assistance, the ____ must locate, extricate, remove/assist, and provide medical attention for fire fighters trapped inside a building

Answer 104

RIC

Question 105

Some departments categorize RIC operations as a ______ or an _____

Answer 105

Rapid removal or an extended operation