STAAR Prep: Matter and Energy Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is conductivity?
The ability of a material to allow energy to flow through
Examples include metals like copper and aluminum.
Define conductor.
A material that allows thermal or electrical energy to flow through
Common conductors include metals and certain liquids.
What is density?
The amount of matter in an object compared to the space it takes up
Density is often measured in grams per cubic centimeter.
What is electrical energy?
Energy caused by the movement of electrical charges
It powers devices and appliances.
What is gas?
A state of matter in which the substance expands to take both the shape and the volume of its container
Examples include oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Define insulator.
A material that slows or stops the flow of thermal or electrical energy
Examples include rubber and glass.
What is a liquid?
A state of matter in which the substance takes the shape of the container and has an unchanged volume when poured from one container to another
Examples include water and oil.
What does magnetism refer to?
The ability to be attracted to a magnet
Ferromagnetic materials exhibit this property.
Define matter.
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Matter can exist in solid, liquid, or gas form.
What is mass?
The amount of matter in something; measured in grams
Mass is a scalar quantity.
What are physical properties?
Observable and/or measurable characteristics of matter
Examples include color, odor, and density.
Define physical state.
The condition in which matter exists (solid, liquid, gas)
The physical state can change with temperature and pressure.
What is relative density?
Describes matter as less dense or more dense than water
This property determines whether an object sinks or floats.
What is a solid?
A state of matter in which the substance has a set shape and size
Examples include ice and wood.
What is solubility?
A material’s ability to dissolve in a liquid
Sugar is soluble in water.
What is temperature?
The average amount of thermal energy matter has; measured in degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit
It affects the state of matter.
Define volume.
The amount of space an object takes up, measured in milliliters
Volume can be calculated using length × width × height for solids.
What does it mean to contract?
A decrease in the volume of a substance while the mass remains the same
This often occurs when a substance is cooled.
What does it mean to expand?
An increase in the volume of a substance while the mass stays the same
This often occurs when a substance is heated.
What is a mixture?
A combination of two or more substances that can be easily separated in some physical way
Examples include salad and trail mix.
What is dissolution?
When one substance breaks down and is uniformly dispersed into another substance
Salt dissolving in water is a common example.
What is evaporation?
When water (liquid) is heated and changes into water vapor (gas)
This process is part of the water cycle.
What is a filter used for?
To separate solids & liquids and different size solids from one another
Commonly used in laboratories and kitchens.
What is an ingredient in the context of mixtures?
A single part of a mixture
Each ingredient contributes to the overall properties of the mixture.
