STAAR TEST BIO Flashcards
(18 cards)
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both involve the use and release of gases. Which statement correctly identifies the role of gases in the two processes?
F Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use carbon dioxide and release oxygen.
G Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
H Cellular respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide, while photosynthesis uses
carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.
J
Cellular respiration uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.
H
Both euglena and cyanobacteria are photosynthetic unicellular organisms found in pond water.
The feature that distinguishes euglena from cyanobacteria is the -
A ability to maintain homeostasis
B presence of ribosomes
C ability to reproduce
D presence of a nuclear membrane
D
A person infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may not have any symptoms for a period of time. During this period the virus affects the body by doing which of the following?
A The virus produces toxins that weaken immune cells and prevent them from
reproducing.
B The virus damages immune cells while using their machinery to produce copies of
itself.
C The virus uses nutrients meant for immune cells to fuel its own cellular respiration.
D The virus changes the identity of the nucleotides of immune cells to prevent the
immune system from functioning normally.
B
The differences between two molecules include the type of sugar that forms a section of the molecules and the identity of one of the four nitrogenous bases that make up another section of the molecules. These two molecules are
A. proteins
B. lipids
C nucleic acides
D. complex carbohydrates
C
How do the plant systems work together to make this movement of liquid possible?
F The roots absorb water and minerals and move them up to the stem, while the stem
moves food produced in the leaves down to the roots in tiny tubes.
G The roots anchor the plant in the soil, and the stem holds the leaves up.
H The roots absorb their own water and minerals, while the stem absorbs its water and
minerals through the leaves.
The roots lose water vapor to the soil, and the stem loses water vapor through the leaves.
F
Changes in water pressure within guard cells cause the cells to open or close the stoma. This response helps the plant maintain homeostasis by —
A stabilizing the plant’s temperature through the evaporation of water
B regulating the amount of water the plant loses during transpiration
C allowing oxygen needed for photosynthesis to enter the plant
D enabling the plant to release more carbon dioxide at night for photosynthesis
B
Which of these must occur during S phase of the cell cycle so that two daughter cells can be produced during M phase?
A The DNA must be replicated.
B The chromosomes must be joined.
C The cytoplasm must be separated.
D The cell membrane must be expanded.
A
Nitrogenous bases are located on both strands of the DNA double helix. What is the significance of the nitrogenous bases?
A The number of adenines and cytosines determines the type of RNA that will be produced.
B The order of nitrogenous bases determines the order of amino acids in the proteins
synthesized.
C The amount of thymine and guanine in the DNA molecules determines the length of the
genes.
D The type of hydrogen bonding between the nitrogenous bases determines which amino
acid will be added to the peptide chain.
B
Some organisms have genes that improve their ability to survive and reproduce. If the genes also help their offspring survive and reproduce, then which of the following will most likely increase?
F The frequency of the genes in one individual
G The frequency of the genes in the population
H The number of genes in one chromosome
J The number of genes in the species
G
As ecosystems move through the stages of succession, the populations of organisms in them change. Which of the following describes the stage of succession likely to have the most species diversity?
F A newly formed volcanic island
G An agricultural field that has not been plowed for one year
H A temperate forest that has never been cleared by logging
J A field that is regularly mowed
H
Which of these must occur during S phase of the cell cycle so that two daughter cells can be produced during M phase?
A The DNA must be replicated.
B The chromosomes must be joined.
C The cytoplasm must be separated.
D The cell membrane must be expanded.
A
Sexual reproduction in animals depends on the production of gametes. Which of these processes produces gametes in animals?
F Mitosis
G Fertilization
Meiosis
Binary fission
H
Crossing-over between nonsister chromatids during meiosis is significant in heredity. This process most likely leads to an increase in which of the following?
F The expression of dominant traits
G Number of gametes
H The occurrence of polyploidy
] Genetic variation
J
Human body cells each have 46 chromosomes in their nuclei. Meiosis is necessary in order to ensure that each gamete produced in the human body has -
F 12 chromosomes
G 23 chromosomes
H 46 chromosomes
J 92 chromosomes
G
Differences in traits such as hair texture are determined by differences in -
F the location of sugar groups in DNA
G the sequence of nucleotides in DNA
H the number of nitrogenous bases in DNA
] the molecules attached to the phosphate in DNA
G
Leaves are part of a plant’s shoot system. The xylem tissue in leaves transports -
A the bacteria needed for nitrogen fixation in root nodules
B the wax required to coat the surface of actively growing tissue
C the water and minerals that are absorbed by the roots
D the oxygen that regulates the rate of carbohydrate production
C
Which of the following is an example of the endocrine system directly interacting with the nervous system?
A The vertebrae protect the spinal cord from injury.
B Hormones provide feedback that affects neural processing.
C Sensory receptors in bones send signals about body position to the brain.
D The brain sends signals that control the speed at which food moves through the intestines.
B
Which molecule synthesized by plants is a major source of energy for cellular processes in both plants and animals?
A Wax
B Nucleic acid
C Glucose
D Chlorophyll
C
