Stability of the monarchy

Question 1

What had Henry VIII’s will set out to happen after his death?

Answer 1

Establishment of the regency council, 16 men: 8 conservatives and 8 reformers

Question 2

Potential problems caused by rule of a minor?

Answer 2

Faction, civil war, foreign invasion

Question 3

What was Somerset’s style of rule?

Answer 3

Personal rule:
through the use of the dry stamp of the King’s signature on proclamations, the council rarely met and Somerset ruled from his house

Question 4

How much influence did Edward have in government?

Answer 4

Somerset excluded him but Northumberland included him in decision making

Question 5

Who made up the anti-Somerset faction?

Answer 5

Paget, Wriothesley and Northumberland

Question 6

How/ why did Somerset fall from power?

Answer 6

Unrest in the countryside and 2 serious rebellions.
His personal style of government caused resentment.
lost support from Edward.

Question 7

How did Northumberland gain control of the council?

Answer 7

Brought in his own allies so the council became mostly Protestant.
Leading Catholic members of the council e.g. Earls of Arundel and Southampton dismissed by 1550.

Question 8

When was the first and second devise for succession issued?

Answer 8

May and June 1553

Question 9

What did the two devise for succession state?

Answer 9

1st: crown pass to Lady Francis Grey oldest son and then to Lady Jane Grey and her male heirs.
2nd: made Jane heir.

Question 10

Who did Mary free and who did she imprison upon her ascension?

Answer 10

Imprisoned: Northumberland, LJG, Guildford Dudley and Cecil
Freed: Gardiner and Norfolk

Question 11

Why were women seen to be a threat to the stability of the monarchy?

Answer 11

A woman would be unable to control faction, lead an army into battle, and marriage meant she needed to be subservient to husband.

Question 12

Why is it possible to argue that there was little instability in Mary’s reign?

Answer 12

Inner council set up in 1558.
Philip left England 1557.
Gardiner’s death in 1555 decreased the faction in the council.

Question 13

What did Paget and Gardiner disagree about?

Answer 13

Religion and choice of husband for Mary

Question 14

Who outside of the council did Mary take advice from?

Answer 14

Renard, Charles V, Reginald Pole and the Pope

Question 15

Why did Mary’s style of government cause instability?

Answer 15

Her personal style of government, fickleness with advisors, privy council too large and diverse

Question 16

When did Somerset fall from power?

Answer 16

1549

Question 17

What did the marriage treaty between Mary and Philip state?

Answer 17

Son would inherit the throne but not Spain.
If Mary died before Philip, he would have no claim to the throne
Philip was to be called king but had no sovereign authority and could not hold office

Question 18

What evidence is there that Northumberland was responsible for the devise?

Answer 18

Essential for him to preserve political power because as a Protestant he would lose all power and maybe his life

Question 19

What did the Third Succession Act 1543 state?

Answer 19

Throne should pass to Mary and then Elizabeth

Question 20

How can it be argued that Mary and Philips marriage did not impact stability?

Answer 20

They got married 1 year after Mary came to the throne and Philip spent more time abroad

Question 21

Accession

Answer 21

Attainment of a position of power

Question 22

Acceptable Edwardians

Answer 22

Group within Mary’s Privy Council composed of experienced men, formerly in PC under Edward e.g. William Paget, Earl of Arundel.
Most of them quickly abandoned Northumberland and joined Mary.

Question 23

Ambitious

Answer 23

Term used to describe someone who was more concerned with advancing their own career than anything else

Question 24

Chronicle

Answer 24

Account of important historical events in (chronological) order

Question 25

Claimant to the throne

Answer 25

Someone who claims they have the right to the throne

Question 26

Conservatives

Answer 26

Catholics supported limited religious and political change tended to be 'older' nobility

Question 27

Conspiracy

Answer 27

A secret plan by a group to do something unlawful/ harmful

Question 28

Coup d'etat

Answer 28

Seizure of removal of a gov or highest-ranking official. Done by a political faction, rebel group or military without the involvement of wider population at large

Question 29

Court

Answer 29

A changeable group composed of the monarch's advisers, government officials, ladies in waiting and servants, including PC, visiting dignitaries and their attendants

Question 30

Courtier

Answer 30

Person who serves/ participates in the royal court/ household as the monarch's adviser.

Question 31

Deprived of the rank of

Answer 31

Where someone's title an position are taken away

Question 32

Disinherit

Answer 32

change one's will or take other steps to prevent someone from inheriting property/ title

Question 33

Dry stamp

Answer 33

Copy of the royal signature which would be printed on documents. Used towards the end of Henry VIII's reign, sometimes without his knowledge.

Question 34

Faction

Answer 34

A group of people who have come together for a common political purpose, usually to prevent the development of something. less formal than a political party and membership could change over time

Question 35

Framlingham

Answer 35

The castle which Mary fled to during the LJG affair. She gathered her troops at Framlingham castle and received news that Northumberland had surrendered and she had been proclaimed queen.

Question 36

framlingham council

Answer 36

also known as Kenninghall faction. a group within Mary's privy council composed of her close followers like household officers (e.g. Waldgrave). were with her when she was first proclaimed queen and didn't have a council.

Question 37

Great seal of England

Answer 37

Chief seal of the crown used to show the monarch's approval of important state documents

Question 38

Homage

Answer 38

Public expression of great respect and honour towards someone else.

Question 39

Legitimate heir

Answer 39

Heir who is legally entitled to inherit the title, position, wealth and property of the deceased.

Question 40

Letters of summons

Answer 40

Letters issued by Mary to leading figures in the country calling them to support her against Northumberland during the Lady Jane Grey crisis.

Question 41

Lord Protector

Answer 41

LP of the real and Governor of the King's person. meant to support Edward during his minority rule. however LP became most powerful person in the country

Question 42

Martyrs

Answer 42

a group within Mary's PC composed of men who had been persecuted/ imprisoned during reigns of Henry and Edward e.g. Stephen Gardiner

Question 43

Marriage Treaty

Answer 43

Passed in April 1554 to regulate the marriage of Mary and Philip. served as a business contract between England and Spain, specifying what the countries could expect from the union, England would not become a satellite of Spain.

Question 44

Patronage

Answer 44

System of influence in which those who have the power to control appointments to office or right to privileges appoint people in return for their support.

Question 45

Penitent

Answer 45

person who repents their sins and seeks forgiveness

Question 46

Personal monarchy

Answer 46

much of the monarch's power depended on his presence, presence, personality and ability to physically convey power.

Question 47

Progress

Answer 47

royal trip made by the monarch and a large number of their attendants

Question 48

privy council

Answer 48

group of powerful noblemen appointed by monarch to advise but not control. met daily. advised on domestic and foreign issues.

Question 49

Realm

Answer 49

the kingdom

Question 50

Reformists

Answer 50

Protestants, supported religious change either due to their own beliefs or to further their career. supported some political change. tended to be 'newer' nobility.

Question 51

Regency Council

Answer 51

Henry VIII set out plans for a council of 16 trusted men to guide Edwards minority rule. somerset quickly became leader of council and lord protector

Question 52

Renunciation

Answer 52

formal rejection of something

Question 53

Retinue

Answer 53

monarch's attendants and servants

Question 54

1st succession act 1534

Answer 54

Mary declared illegitimate, Elizabeth recognised as heir

Question 55

2nd succession act 1536

Answer 55

Elizabeth declared illegitimate

Question 56

3rd succession act 1543

Answer 56

ordered the succession: Edward, Mary, Elizabeth

Question 57

Summon

Answer 57

order someone to be present

Question 58

Sweating sickness

Answer 58

mysterious and contagious disease, struck England and Europe in epidemics beginning late 1400s

Question 59

The tower

Answer 59

of London

Question 60

Transfer of power

Answer 60

movement of power from one body to another, or one person to another.

Question 61

Usurper

Answer 61

person who takes a position of power or importance illegally or by force

Question 62

your grace

Answer 62

title of respect used when addressing high ranking noble

Question 63

Thomas Wriothesley

Answer 63

had been a royal servant under Henry VIII, religiously conservative but pragmatic as had gained land from the dissolution became principal secretary in 1540, lord chancellor 1544, executer of Henry's will, became earl of Southampton in 1547 but lost the position under somerset. later readmitted and helped to bring somerset down.