Stabilizing Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards
(40 cards)
What might cause respiratory distress (broad)
1) Cardiac
2) Respiratory
3) Neuromuscular
4) Non-respiratory look alikes
Broadly, respiratory issues can be caused by
1) Upper airway
2) Lower airway
3) Parenchyma
4) Pleural space
What are the objectives of stabilizing respiratory emergencies
1) Execute visual and hands on PE
2) Localize disease from respiratory patterns
3) Understand initial stabilizing steps
4) List indications for intubating
5) Trouble shoot intubation
for respiratory emergencies what is your initial approach
1) Decrease stress and minimize handling
2) PE - to see if in respiratory distress
3) Oxygen supplementation
4) Multimodal sedation
5) Intubate
6) Ventilate
an obstructive pattern is very
slow and deep
a restrictive pattern is very
rapid and shallow (cant expand the lungs)
with laryngeal paralysis is inhalation or exhalation easier
exhalation is easier
inhalation is difficult
cyanosis indicates
severe hypoxia
orthopnea
when the animal’s head and neck is extended.
the animal is putting all their effort into breathing
What should you be looking for in your hands on exam
-HR
-Femoral pulses
-Temp of extremities
-lung fields (crackles, wheezles)
what do crackles mean on respiratory exam
fluid in alveoli
what do wheezes mean on respiratory exam
bronchoconstriction
If you have pleural effusion, you wont hear sounds
ventrally
If you have pneumothorax, you wont hear sounds
dorsally
Why does increasing the resistance lead to longer inspiration
because T = c x R
if you increase R then you are increasing the time it takes
Why do dogs with obstructive pattern take deep slow breathes
because if you increase Resistance then you increase the time
the animal will take a breathe over a longer amount of time
A restrictive pattern is
rapid and shallow
Why is a restrictive pattern rapid and shallow
if lungs cant fill all of the way (ex: 25% of tidal volume) then you need to take rapid breathes
decreasing c
T=CxR then the time for inspiration will decrease
this consumes a lot of O2
What is dyssynchronous breathing
normally diaphragm pushes into the abdomen on breathing, causing it to push outward
however with this the abdomen goes inward
1) Obstructive Disease - not able to get enough air into it
2) Pleural space disease - fluid leads to negative intrathoracic pressure
What are the ways to supplement oxygen
Low flow
1) Flow by
2) oxygen cage
3) face mask
4) Nasal prongs
5) Nasal catheter
High flow
1) CPAP
2) HFNOT
3) Mechanical ventilation
What is the FiO2 of room air
21% or 0.21
What determines the delivery of oxygen
DO2= CO [(1.39 x Hgb x SaO2) + (PaO2 x 0.003) ]
cardiac output, oxygen content in blood, diffused and in hemoglobin
supplying oxygen is to pack hemoglobin with oxygen and diffuse more oxygen into the plasma
What is the sensation of dyspnea
when the input into the higher CNS centers does not match those of the medullary respiratory center, sensory receptors, and respiratory muscles
How can opioid sedation help patients with dyspnea from an airway obstruction
patient has hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and hyperthermia this is collected by sensory receptors and inputed into the medulla. This then increases the work (resp rate and RE) leading to turbulence and edema
Butorphanol aims to dull signs (respiratory centers) to breathe slower and air passes more laminar
It can also dull anxiety, panic, and dyspnea
