- medical (1st for 12, 3rd for 48) - pilots license - government id

- current weather updated every hour

-graphical forecast area -available on aviation weather.gov - use when airport does not have a TAF

- lit during daytime IFR weather or at nighttime

- no wind: elevation within 1500 agl - no temp: elevation within 2500 agl - temps assumed negative above 24000

- when one front catches up to another front moving the same direction -usually the cold front catches up to warm

-valid 6 hours -moderate weather conditions -Tango: turbulence - Sierra: IFR conditions - Zulu: Freezing

- valid 4 hours - will affect all aircraft -severe or greater turbulence - dust, sandstorms, volcanic ash - severe or greater icing

stage 1 Flashcards by Nick Srinivas

Pilot Documents

medical (1st for 12, 3rd for 48)
pilots license
government id

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instrument privileges

can enter class A airspace if on ifr flight plane
act as pic in ifr conditions
fly in imc

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METAR

current weather updated every hour

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Dewpoint

-temperature at which the air becomes fully saturated

-within 2 degrees celsius expect fog

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TAF

-valid 24 hours, updated every 6

-only acceptable within 5 sm of airport

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GFA

-graphical forecast area

-available on aviation weather.gov

use when airport does not have a TAF

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LIFR rules

-magenta

-ceilings below 500ft

-vis less than 1 mile

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IFR Rules

-red

-ceilings 500ft to below 1000ft

-vis 1 mile to less than 3 miles

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MVFR

-blue

-ceilings 1000-3000ft

-vis 3 to 5 miles

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VFR

-green

-ceilings greater than 3000ft

-greater than 5 miles

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Airport beacon

lit during daytime IFR weather or at nighttime

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Winds Aloft

no wind: elevation within 1500 agl
no temp: elevation within 2500 agl
temps assumed negative above 24000

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High Pressure System

-clockwise, downwards, outwards

-poor visibility

-brings higher pressure/density

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Low Pressure System

-counter clockwise, inwards, and upwards

-good visibility

-includes precipitation because of higher humidity

-lower pressure/density

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Warm Front

-slow moving

-stratiform clouds

-poor visibility because air is stable

-steady precipitation

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Cold Front

-cumulus clouds

-possible thunderstorms

-showery precipitation

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Stationary Front

-opposite air masses meet and stop moving

-lingers for a long time

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Occluded Front

when one front catches up to another front moving the same direction

-usually the cold front catches up to warm

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Isobars

-when close together expect higher winds

-pressure in millibars

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Airmet

-valid 6 hours

-moderate weather conditions

-Tango: turbulence

Sierra: IFR conditions
Zulu: Freezing

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Sigmet

Study These Flashcards

valid 4 hours
will affect all aircraft

-severe or greater turbulence

dust, sandstorms, volcanic ash
severe or greater icing

Convective Sigmet

Study These Flashcards

valid for 2 hours
thunderstorms
winds greater than 50 knots
hail 3/4 inch or greater

-tornadoes

Thunderstorm Ingredients

Study These Flashcards

-moisture

-lifting force

-unstable air (normal is 2 degrees per 1000 feet)

Thunderstorm Stage 1

Study These Flashcards

Cumulus Stage
Large Updrafts

-clouds are building in height

Thunderstorm Stage 2

- mature - both up and down drafts - extreme precipitation - lightning

Thunderstorm Stage 3

- Dissipating -mostly downdrafts - microburst is localized and can reach 6000fpm

Weather Resources Preflight

-aviationweather.gov -1800wxbrief -foreflight

Weather Resources In Flight

-ATIS/AWOS/ASOS -onboard equipment -Flight Service Station -ATC (workload permitting)

PIREPS

-pilot reports -can report anything

Structural Icing

-clear: forms when larger water droplets spread and freeze over a surface -rime: forms when smaller droplets freeze when contact aircraft -mixed: mix of clear and rime

Induction Icing

-carb ice/induction air ice

Instrument Icing

-pitot static system

Gyroscopic system

-standby attitude indicator (vacuum powered)

pitot static components

-pitot tube -static port

how does the pitot tube work

-collects data to calculate airspeed - ram air is forced into pitot by airplane velocity -compares ram air to static air to output dynamic air -dynamic air is read by instrument

how does the static port work

-measures ambient air pressure

Blockages: blocked pitot

-airspeed: zero -altimeter works -VSI works

Blockages: pitot and drain hole (open static port)

-airspeed: high in climb, low in descent -altimeter: works -VSI: works

Blockages: blocked static open pitot

-airspeed: low in climb, high in descent -altimeter: frozen -VSI: frozen

Blockages: used alternate air

-airspeed: reads high -altimeter: reads low -VSI: momentarily shows a climb

Blockages: Broken VSI glass

-airspeed: reads high -altimeter: reads high -VSI: reverses

GPS: satellite system

-24 satellites in constellation -3 satellites required for lateral information -4 satellites required for altitude information

GPS: RAIM

-5 satellites required to ensure reliable information is being received -with bad information, RAIM will annunciate and take that satellite offline

GPS: WAAS

-signals from satellites are monitored by ground based stations -ground based stations correct for clock errors and position errors -ground stations send data to master station -master station sends data to geostationary satellites -satellites send data to WAAS receiver onboard

VOR Receiver checks

VOT: freq 108.0mhz 0degree FROM; 180 TO ground: +-4 degrees airborne +-6 degrees dual vor: +-4 degrees

DME

-most inaccurate right over

Instrument Landing System

precision approach: provides vertical and lateral guidance

Localizer

-provides lateral guidance -width 5 degrees -full deflection is 2.5 degrees

Glideslope

-provides vertical guidance -angle between 2.5 and 3.5 degrees

Marker Beacons

Outer: blue, 4-7 nm from threshold Middle: amber, 3500ft away from threshold Inner: white, short high pitched

Recency

-in last 6 months, 6 approaches to include holds, intercepting, tracking, nav systems

Recency past 12 months

- up till 12 months to get current (rated safety pilot) -after 12 you need and instrument proficiency check (examiner, cfii)

stage 1 Flashcards

(52 cards)