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Instrument Rating > Stage 1 > Flashcards

Stage 1 Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

What does the plane need to be airworthy?

A

○ Airworthiness certificate (91.203)
■ Salmon color (special airworthiness certificate)
■ Does not have an expiration date
■ Valid when all maintenance requirements are met
○ Registration (91.203)
■ Valid for 36 calendar months
■ White in color
○ Radio station license
■ Required only for international flights
○ Operating limitations
■ FAA-approved (91.9)
■ Pilot’s operating handbook (POH)
■ Airplane flying manual (AFM)
○ Weight and balance (23.1589)
■ Master weight and balance
■ Completed by a mechanic
■ Often included in the POH binder
○ Placards
■ Stickers and markings as required in POH
○ Data plate
■ A metal plate mounted on the left side empennage
■ Includes registration information such as:
● Date of manufacture
● Model number
● Serial number
● Registration number
○ Compass deviation card
■ Indicates how to account for the error resulting from magnetic influence of nearby equipments

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2
Q

Instrument Pilot Privileges

A

○ Can enter class A airspace
■ Must be on IFR Flight Plan
○ Act as PIC under IFR conditions
○ Fly in IMC

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3
Q

METAR

A

Meteorological Aerodrome Report (METAR)
○ Current/observed weather updated every 50 minutes past the hour
○ Dewpoint
■ Temperature at which air becomes fully saturated
■ When temperature/dewpoint within 2 celsius, expect fog

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4
Q

TAF range can be used

A

Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF)
○ Forecast valid 24 hours, updated every 6
○ Only acceptable to use within 5sm of airport

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5
Q

GFA

A

Graphical Forecast Area (GFA)
○ Available on aviationweather.gov
○ Use when airport does not have a TAF
○ Can see cloud coverage, ceiling, winds, storms, etc

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6
Q

Flight Categories

A

LIFR Low Instrument Flight Rules

IFR Instrument Flight Rules

MVFR Marginal Visual Flight Rules

VFR Visual Flight Rules

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7
Q

LIFR Low Instrument Flight Rules Color / visibility / Ceiling

A

Magenta
below 500 feet AGL
and/or less than 1 mile

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8
Q

IFR Instrument Flight Rules / Color / visibility / Ceiling

A

Red
500 to less than 1,000 feet AGL
and/or 1 mile to less than 3 miles

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9
Q

VFR Visual Flight Rules Color / visibility / Ceiling

A

Green
greater than 3,000 feet AGL
and greater than 5 miles

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10
Q

MVFR Marginal Visual Flight Rules Color / visibility / Ceiling

A

Blue
1,000 to 3,000 feet AGL
and/or 3 to 5 miles

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11
Q

Airport beacon when is it in use

A

● Indicates IFR weather during daytime; or
● Nighttime

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12
Q

What does Winds aloft forecast

A

○ Forecasts wind speed and direction at various altitudes

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13
Q

Absence of winds

A

■ Elevation within 1500’ AGL

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14
Q

Absence of temp

A

■ Elevation within 2500’ AGL

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15
Q

Temps assumed when

A

negative above 24000’ MSL

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16
Q

what does Surface Analysis Chart display

A

Frontal activity and Pressure systems

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17
Q

High Pressure / Visibility / density

A

● Clockwise, outwards, and downwards
● Poor visibility
● Brings higher pressure/density

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18
Q

Low Pressure / visibility / density

A

● Counterclockwise, inwards, and upwards (think tornados)
● Good visibility
● Includes precipitation because of higher humidity
● Lower pressure/density

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19
Q

Warm front / precipitation type / cloud type / visibility / air stability

A

● Slow moving, so change in weather is gradual
● Stratiform clouds
● Poor visibility because air is stable and calm
● Steady precipitation

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20
Q

Cold Front

A

● Cumulus clouds
● Possible thunderstorms
● Showery precipitation

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21
Q

Stationary Front

A

● When warm & cold air masses meet and stop moving
● Lingers for a long time

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22
Q

Occluded Front

A

● When one front catches up to another front moving in the same
direction
● Usually cold front catches up to warm

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23
Q

Isobars

A

■ When close together expect higher winds
■ Pressure measured in millibars

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24
Q

Airmet

A

Airmen’s meteorological information
○ Valid 6 hours
○ Contains moderate weather conditions
○ Tango - Turbulence, >30kt winds, Low level wind shear
○ Sierra - IFR conditions, mountain obscurations
○ Zulu - Freezing

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25
Sigmet
Significant meteorological information ○ Valid 4 hours ○ Will affect safety of all aircraft ○ Severe or greater turbulence ○ Dust or sandstorms, Volcanic ash ○ Severe or greater icing
26
Convective Sigmet
- sigmet related to convective activity (THUNDERSTORMS) ○ Valid 2 hours ○ Thunderstorms ○ Winds >50 kt winds ○ Hail ¾” diameter or greater ○ Tornadoes
27
Thunderstorm ingredients
3 ingredients to make a thunderstorm ○ Moisture ○ Uplifting action ○ Unstable air
28
Unstable air definition
■ Normal temp decreases 2 celsius per 1000’, unstable is 3 per 1000’
29
Stages of a thunderstorm
Cumulus Mature Dissipating
30
Cumulus stage
● Large updrafts ● Clouds are building in form and height
31
Mature Stage
● Both up/downdrafts ● Extreme precipitation ● Lightning
32
Dissipating Stage
● Mostly downdrafts ● Microbursts
33
When does Ice develop
○ Develops with visible moisture (clouds/freezing rain) when the air is 0°C or less
34
Types of icing on aircraft
■ Structural ■ Induction ■ Instrument
35
Structural Icing
● Clear - forms when larger water droplets spread and freeze over a surface - most dangerous because hard to see and heavy ● Rime - forms when smaller droplets freeze immediately when contacting aircraft surface, appears milky-white ● Mixed - mix of clear and rime
36
Induction Icing
● Carb ice/induction air icing
37
Instrument Icing
● Pitot-static system
38
Required equipment
A TOMATO FLAMES ○ Airspeed indicator ○ Tachometer for each engine ○ Oil pressure gauge ○ Manifold pressure gauge ○ Altimeter ○ Temperature gauge for each liquid cooled engine ○ Oil temperature gauge for each air cooled engine ○ Fuel gauge indicator ○ Landing gear position indicator ○ Anti-collision lights ○ Magnetic direction indicator ○ Emergency locator transmitter ○ Safety belts
39
Which instrument is the Gyroscopic System
■ Standby attitude indicator (vacuum powered)
40
Pitot-Static System Components
■ Pitot tube ■ Static port
41
Pitot tube purpose and how it works
● Collects data to calculate airspeed ● Ram air is forced into pitot by airplane velocity ● Compares ram air to static air from static port to output dynamic air ● Dynamic air is read by instrument
42
Static port purpose
● Measures ambient air pressure
43
GPS satelitte count and purpose
● Global Positioning System ( ● ) ○ Uses satellites to triangulate position and altitude in space ■ 24 satellites in constellation ■ 3 satellites required to provide lateral information ■ 4 satellites required to provide altitude information
44
RAIM
Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) ■ 5 satellites required to ensure reliable information is being received ■ With bad satellite information, RAIM will annunciate integrity has been compromised and take that satellite offline
45
WAAS
Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) ■ Signals from satellites are monitored by ground based stations ■ Ground based stations correct signals for the following errors: ● Clock errors ● Position errors ■ Ground stations send correction data to a master station ■ Master station computes the correction data and prepares a correction message ■ New message is sent to a geostationary satellite (GEO) ■ GEO broadcasts to WAAS receiver on aircraft
46
VOR
Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range Range (VOR) ○ Short range radio navigation equipment used to determine relative position and bearing from
47
● VOR Test Facility (VOT) ● Ground tolerances ● Air tolerances ● Dual VOR Check
● VOR Test Facility (VOT) ○ Frequency 108.0 MHz ○ 0 degrees FROM / 180 degrees TO ● Ground tolerances ○ +- 4 degrees ● Air tolerances ○ +- 6 degrees ● Dual VOR Check ○ +-4 degrees
48
DME
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) ○ Uses slant range (line of sight) to determine distance ○ Most inaccurate when directly over VOR/DME ■ Negligible for every 1 mile away and 1000’ high
49
Compass Errors (VDMONA)
Compass Errors (VDMONA) ○ Variation ■ Isogonic lines on sectional depict difference between true north and magnetic north ○ Deviation ■ Electronic equipment interfere with compass to provide inaccurate readings ○ Magnetic Dip ■ As a compass approaches magnetic poles, compass wants to dip towards the ground ○ Oscillation ■ Mixture of all other errors
50
Northerly Turning Errors
Northerly Turning Errors (UNOS) ■ Undershoot North ■ Overshoot South ■ A result of magnet dip ● Compass is a magnet, its attracted to and wants to stay with the other magnet (pole) ■ Start rollout at ½ latitude + 15 degrees
51
Acceleration Errors
Acceleration Errors (ANDS) ■ Accelerate North ■ Decelerate South ■ A result of magnetic dip ● Compass is a magnet, its attracted to and wants to stay with the other magnet (pole)
52
ILS what type of approach n what it provides
Instrument Landing System ○ Precision Instrument Approach ■ Meaning it provides lateral AND vertical guidance
53
Components of ILS
Localizer Glideslope
54
Localizer
● Provides lateral guidance ● Width 5 degrees ● Full deflection to one side is only 2.5 degrees
55
Glideslope
● Provides vertical guidance ● Angle between 2.5 and 3.5 degrees
56
Marker Beacons
● Avionics signal different colors/audible morse codes when passing over Outer Middle Inner
57
Outer Marker Beacon
○ Outer ■ Flashing blue ■ Usually 4-7nm from runway threshold
58
Middle Marker Beacon
○ Middle ■ Flashing amber ■ 3500 feet from runway threshold
59
Inner Marker Beacon
○ Inner ■ Flashing white light ■ Short and high pitched ■ Approach Lighting System
60
Preflight Instrument check
● Compass ○ Fluid ○ Indicates known headings ○ Swings freely ● Heading Indicator ○ Crosscheck with magnetic compass ● Attitude Indicator ○ Allow up to 5 mins for gyro ○ +-5 degrees of known pitch/bank ● Altimeter ○ Set current altimeter setting ○ +-75 feet ○ Add any error to DA/MDA ● Turn and Slip Indicator/Turn coordinator ○ Ball moves to the outside of turn ● Vertical Speed Indicator ○ Take note of starting point ○ Should be 0 ● Airspeed Indicator ○ Check during takeoff roll ● Outside Air Temperature (OAT) ○ Check ● Clock ○ Check ● Pitot heat ○ Functional during preflight check
61
Communications Equipment
○ Position and stability of antennas ○ Request radio check if necessary ○ Transponder status
62
Navigation Equipment
Navigation Equipment ○ VOR antennas ○ GPS database up to date ■ Every 28 days
63
Required Inspections
○ Annual (12 calendar months) ○ VOR Check (30 days) ○ 100 hour (if for hire) ○ Altimeter/Pitot-Static check (24 calendar months) ○ Transponder (24 calendar months) ○ ELT (12 calendar months)
64
Required Equipment
Required Equipment (GRABCARD) ○ Generator/Alternator ○ Radio ○ Altimeter ○ Ball ○ Clock ○ Attitude indicator ○ Rate of turn indicator ○ Directional Gyro
65
Recency/Currency
Recency/Currency (66 HITS) ○ In last 6 months, 6 approaches to include: ■ Holds ■ Intercepting ■ Tracking ■ Navigational Systems After 6 Months ■ 6 more months to get current with safety pilot ● Safety pilot must be at least a private pilot and appropriately rated in category/class ○ After 12 months ■ Instrument Proficiency Check (IPC) ● Can be done by designated examiner, CFII, or approved person ● Details found in back of ACS
66
Logging Instrument Actual
Actual ○ Be instrument rated, or ○ Accompanied by appropriately rated CFII
67
Logging Instrument Simulated
Simulated ○ Safety pilot ■ Appropriately rated in category/class ■ Able to act as PIC ■ Name must be logged in remarks ○ Given instruction by a CFII
68
Logging Instrument Recency
Recency ○ Approach must be conducted under actual IMC conditions until passed the FAF ○ Or under simulated conditions down to minimums

Instrument Rating (5 decks)

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