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Stage 2 > Stage 2 Check List > Flashcards

Stage 2 Check List Flashcards

1
Q

Standard temperature and pressure

A

Standard temperature is 15°C
Standard pressure is 29.92
Or one inch per 1000 feet

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2
Q

Lapse rate/ pressure change

A

Rate at which temperature decreases with altitude
Standard laps rate is 2°C per 1000 feet
Dry adiabatic lapse rate is 3 per 1000 feet
One inch per 1000 feet

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3
Q

High and low pressure system

A

High pressure surround on all sides by lower pressure
Ridge elongated are of high pressure
Air flows clockwise down and out

Low pressure system
Is a lower pressure (does not matter if it is a high pressure system as long as it is lower then the other front)
Low pressure surrounded on all sides by higher pressure
Trough elongated area of low pressure
Air flows counterclockwise up and in

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4
Q

Temperature inversion

A 
Temperature increases with altitude 
Smooth stable layer of air
Restricted visibility below inversion 
Turbulence above inversion
2 types

Surface based temperature inversion
Cool clear calm nights
Ground cools lowers temperature of air

Frontal temperature inversions
Cool air forced under warm air
Warm air spreads over cool air

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5
Q

3 things needed for clouds

A

1 condensation nuclei
2 moisture
3 small temperature dew point spread

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6
Q

Low clouds

A

SFC 6500 AGL
Composed of super cool water drops
Stratus, nimbostratus, stratocumulus
Rime ice

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7
Q

Middle clouds

A

6500 AGL 20,000 AGL
Composed of large super cool water drops
Altostratus altocumulus
Mix icing

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8
Q

High clouds

A

20k- 60k
Composed of ice particles
Cirrus cirrocumulus cirrostratus
No icing

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9
Q

Extensive vertical development

A 
Any altitude 
Composed of all
Very unstable and turbulent 
Cumulus cumulonimbus towering cumulus
All types of ice and hail

First layer of cloud temp-dew point divided by 4.4 X 1000 = cloud height

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10
Q

Formation of fog (surap)

A 
Steam
Cold, dry moves over warm water
Examples lakes in the morning
Upslope 
Moist air is lifted by rising terrain
Cools with altitude condenses
Requires 15k wind
Radiation
At night ground cools cools air above it to dew point and condenses
Clear calm humid nights 
Low lying fog ( in valley)
Morning warm up "burn off" the fog
Advection 
Warm moist air moves over cooler surface
SFC cools air to Dewpoint and condenses 
Coastline under cloudy skies
Requires winds to develop 15+ kts
Examples the ocean
Precipitation induced 
Rain evaporates and cooled to dew point
Warm rain falls though cool air saturated it
Creates dense fog
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11
Q

Stable and unstable air VCTIPP

A 
Stable
Visibility poor
Clouds stratus
Turbulence none
Ice rime
Precipitation steady
Pressure high pressure
 Unstable 
Visibility good
Clouds cumulus
Turbulence more severe
Ice clear ice
Precipitation showery
Pressure low pressure
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12
Q

Thunderstorms ( things needed for development)

A 
Single greatest threat to aviation
Requirements for development are
high moisture content
Unstable air
Uplifting force
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13
Q

Life cycle of a thunderstorm

A

Cumulus stage
Average 15 minutes
Updrafts
Building of clouds

Mature stage
Precipitation
15 to 30 minutes
Updrafts and downdrafts
Lightning
Anvil top clouds
Dissipating stage
Last about 15 minutes
No more precipitation
Downdrafts
Storm goes away
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14
Q

Windshear

A

Sudden, drastic change in wind speed and or direction
May occur in the vertical or horizontal plane
Most dangerous at low levels
Often exists near the surface when there is a
Frontal system
Thunderstorm
Temperature inversion with strong upper level winds
To protect against wind shear many airports have LLWAS
low level windshear alert system
Provides warning for possible windshear conditions
Takes measurements from multiple locations around airport

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15
Q

Virga

A

Tiny rain drops that fall and evaporate before reaching the ground
Evaporation cools air
Cool air sinks faster creating down drafts
Heavy down drafts up to 6000 feet per min
Precursor to a microburst

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16
Q

Structural icing

A

Ice build up on air craft surface
Surface of aircrafts the at or below 0 C
OAT + 5 degrees C - aircraft may be colder due to reduced pressure of faster moving air lowering temperature at point of contact

17
Q

METAR

A 
Aviation routine reports
Updated every hour between 45 mins past the hour and the hour
Same format as ATIS report 
Type of report (METAR, speci)
Station ICAO identifier (KCHD)
Date and time of report (133250Z)( dayhrmin)
Modifier (optional) (auto ,COR)
Winds in true north (08020G38kts)
Visibility (6sm) 
Weather codes (sh,ts,br)
Sky conditions and clouds reported in AGL
Few= 0-2/8 sky coverage 
Scattered SCT= 3/8-4/8
Broken BKN = 5/8-7/8
Overcast OVC= 8/8 sky coverage
Ceiling is the lowest level listen as BKN or OVC
temperature/ dewpoint
Altimeter setting
Remarks (rmk)
Sea level pressure is SLP134= 1013.4 millibars
Type of station A01 A02
18
Q

PIRPEPS (UA/UUA)

A

PIREPS are real time weather reporting information
Anytime you encounter unforecasted weather you are encouraged to make a PIREP
File PIREP with Prescott radio 122.6 (different)
If icing is reported in a PIREP it is considered known icing condition
When filing a PIREP include the following
Mandatory items
Type of report (UA or UUA)
OV Location to NAVAID
TM Zulu time
FL flight level or altitude
TP aircraft type
Non mandatory (only if existence)
SK Sky cover
WX visibility and Weather
TA temperature
WV winds in magnetic north
TB turbulence
IC icing
RM remarks

19
Q

TAF

A

Terminal aerodrome forecast
Issued four times per day valid for 24 hrs
Valid for the reporting airport and up to a five statute mile radius circle around that airport
Provides forecast information in a metar format
Key terms AMD-amended, TEMPO- Temporary, FM-From, BECMG-Becoming

20
Q

FA

A

Area forecast
Issued three times a day
Valid for a total of 18 hours (12 hours forecast in a six hour categorical outlook)
Covers an area of several states
Six different FA regions in contiguous SFO, SLC, CHI, DFW, BOS, MIA, we use SLC.
Comprised of four sections
1 Communications and product helper: issue time, valid times, affected areas
2 precautionary statement, reminds to see AIRMET’s and Heights are MSL
3 synopsis, gives a brief summary of location and movement of fraud, pressure systems and circulation patterns (valid for 18 hours)
4 VFR clouds and Weather section: 12hr specific forecast
Breaks weather into smaller geographical areas
Describes clouds and weather affecting VFR operations
Categorical outlook - IFR, VFR, MVFR (valid for 6 hrs)

21
Q

FD

A

Winds and temperatures Aloft Forecast
Winds reported from different altitudes in true north
Issued two times a day and up to 4 times a day
No temperatures for 3000 feet level or within 2500 feet of station elevation
No wind within 1500 feet of station elevation
9900 denotes when that are light and variable less than 5 knots
0000 denotes calm winds
Wind greater than 99 that are encoded by subtracting 50 from the direction and adding for 100 to the speed
Temperatures are always negative above 24,000 feet

22
Q

WS (Sigments)

A

Issued for hazardous non-convective whether to all aircraft
Issued as needed valid for four hours unless hurricane related then valid for six hours
Includes following conditions
Severe icing, severe turbulence, clear air turbulence, dust storms in sandstorms lowering visibility to less than 3 miles, volcanic ash

23
Q

WST (convective sigments)

A

Issued every hour 55 Min past the hour even if there is no convective weather
Issued for hazardous convective whether to all aircraft
Includes the following conditions
Tornadoes, line of thunderstorms squall lines, thunderstorms over a wide area, embedded thunderstorms, hail greater than or equal to 3/4 inch at the surface, winds gusts to 50 kn or greater

24
Q

WA ( AIRMET)

A

Warn of weather conditions that are particularly hazardous to small aircraft but applies to all
Issued every six hours valid for six hours

25
Q

Three types of WA (AIRMET)

A 
Tango= turbulence
Moderate turbulence
Sub stain winds of 30 kt or greater at surface
Sierra= mountain obstruction
CIG less than 1000 feet visibility less then three statute miles affecting 50% or more of an area and or actual mountain obstruction
Zulu= Icing
Moderate icing
Freezing levels
26
Q

Pre flight weather briefings from FSS ( 2 official)

A

1800 WX brief
Www.duats.com
Official because tail number is recorded and noted
Types of briefs
Standard briefing – most complete
Outlook briefing – departed for six hours or more
Abbreviated briefing – update previous briefing

27
Q

TWEB (transcribed weather broadcast (Alaska only))

A

Transmitted over VOR

Gives NOTAMS winds and temp aloft National Weather Service advisory

28
Q

HIWAS

A

(Hazardous in flight weather advisory service)
Transmitted over VOR
Give AIRMET, SIGMENT, Convective sigmet, pireps

29
Q

CWA

A

(Center weather advisory)
Unscheduled weather advisory issued by ARTCC
Alerts pilots of existing or anticipating adverse weather conditions within next two hours May be issued when segment has not been issued
May also be issued as a supplement to an existing in flight advisory

30
Q

AWOS

A 
Automated weather observing station
Common at uncontrolled airport
Has own frequency
Four types
Awos - A – altimeter on me
Awos – 1 - altimeter, wind, temperature, dew point
Awos – 2 – Awos 1+ visibility
Awos – three – Awos 2 + clouds and ceiling
31
Q

ASOS

A 
Automated surface observing systems
Minute by minute surface observations
It has its own frequency
Two types
ASOS 1 (A01) = AWOS 3
ASOS 2 (A02) = AWOS 3+ precipitation discriminator
32
Q

ATIS (automated terminals info service)

A

Reduces frequency congestion at airports
Has own frequency
Info named after phonetic alphabet
Updates hourly unless new pertinent information arises

33
Q

Dew point

A

Point at where air must be cooled to no longer hold water

Point of where supporting 100% of moisture it can hold

34
Q

Different readings of standard pressure

A
  1. 92
  2. 7 lbs per square inch
  3. 25

Stage 2 (4 decks)

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