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Flashcards in stages & events of swallowing Deck (18)
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1
Q

the stages of swallowing (3-4)

A

oral prepatory > oral (voluntary) > pharyngeal > esophageal

2
Q

oral prepatory stage (3)

A

mastication > bolus formation > bolus maintenance

3
Q

oral voluntary stage (5)

A

starts when tongue propels bolus posteriorly, tongue tip and sides move to alveolar ridge, soft palate elevates while tongue base drops, tongue pressure increases as viscosity increases, phase ends when bolus reaches ramus of the mandible

4
Q

how long it takes to complete the oral phase

A

1-1.5 seconds; .3 seconds longer for adults over 60 years

5
Q

pharyngeal phase (8)

A

velum elevates, BOT retracts, vocal folds ADDuct, pharyngeal constrictors contract sequentially, epiglottis retracts-inverts, laryngohyoid elevates and moves forward, laryngeal vestibule constricts, cricopharyngeus opens-relaxes

6
Q

how the pharyngeal phase is triggered

A

sensory input received from CN IX and X, tongue moves posteriorly, sensory info is decoded and swallow stimulus type is identified, information is sent out to trigger-initiate the motor response for the pharyngeal swallow

7
Q

cranial nerves of mastication (4)

A

CN V, VII, IX, XII

8
Q

cranial nerves of intraoral sensation (2)

A

CN V, IX

9
Q

cranial nerves of taste (2)

A

CN VII, IX

10
Q

cranial nerves of velar elevation (3)

A

CN V, X, XI

11
Q

pharyngeal transit (3)

A

bolus moves inferiorly via: gravity, BOT retraction, and pharyngeal wall contraction

(BOT retracts and contacts posterior pharyngeal wall, sequential contraction of the upper > middle > inferior constrictors)

12
Q

four mechanisms of airway protection

A

hyoid-laryngeal elevation away form the path of the bolus; epiglottic retroflexion; adduction of the true vocal cords; closure of the laryngeal vestibule or laryngeal additus

13
Q

epiglottic retroflexion (3)

A

hyoid moves anteriorly and tipping of the epiglottis into horizontal position occurs; BOT contributes to horizontal movement; larynx elevates to approximate hyoid so that epiglottis moves into vertical position

14
Q

cricopharyngeal opening-relaxation

A

**relaxation of the PE segment (upper esophageal sphincter) allows the bolus to enter the esophagus

elevation of larynx pulls UES open; duration increases as bolus volume increases

15
Q

reflexive cough (2)

A

motor and sensory involvement of CN X; it is a response to material entering deep into the laryngeal vestibule

16
Q

gag reflex (3)

A

motor involvement of CN X, sensory involvement of CN IX; triggered by noxious stimuli; designed to squeeze material out of the pharynx

17
Q

esophageal phase (2)

A

after bolus enters esophagus, food is carried to the stomach via gravity and esophageal peristalsis; esophagus joins the stomach through an opening in the diaphragm called the diaphragmatic or esophageal hiatus

18
Q

four doors of airway protection (4)

A

(1) closure of the TVFs; (2) closure of the FVFs; (3) arytenoid cartilages rocking forward; (4) epiglottis retroflexing