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A Level Biology - 2.1.6 Cell Division > Stages of mitosis > Flashcards

Stages of mitosis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 stages of interphase

A

G1, S and G2

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2
Q

What occurs during G1?

A

Cellular contents, excluding chromosomes is duplicated

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3
Q

What checks occur at G1?

A

Size, nutrients, correct growth factors and DNA damage

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4
Q

What is G0?

A

Cell cycle arrest

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5
Q

What occurs at G0?

A

Stops cell division, differentiation and specialisation

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6
Q

What occurs at S stage?

A

Each of the 46 chromosomes are duplicated by the cell

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7
Q

What checks occur at S stage?

A

If the DNA replicated

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8
Q

What occurs at G2?

A

The cell ‘double checks’ the duplicated chromosomes for error and making any needed repairs. Microtubules and relevant proteins are made also

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9
Q

What checks occur at G2?

A

DNA errors and mistakes are repaired

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10
Q

Where do checks occur during mitosis?

A

At the spindle assembly checkpoint

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11
Q

What checks occur during mitosis?

A

Are the spindle fibres connected to the chromosomes to move them

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12
Q

What are the types of microtubules involved in mitosis?

A

Aster, kinetochore and interpolar

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13
Q

What are the 4 stages of mitosis?

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

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14
Q

What occurs during prophase?

A
  1. Chromatin condenses and becomes visible.
  2. The chromosomes consist of 2 identical sister chromatids, joined by a centromere.
  3. Nuclear membrane breaks down.
  4. Centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell and microtubules start to assemble around centrioles, forming the spindle.
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15
Q

What occurs during metaphase?

A
  1. Chromatid pairs attach to spindle microtubules at the centromere.
  2. Chromatid pairs line up across the cell equator to form the metaphase plate
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16
Q

What occurs during anaphase?

A
  1. Centromeres divide
  2. The sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibres to opposite ends of the cell
17
Q

What occurs during telophase?

A
  1. The chromatids reach the poles of the spindle so they are now separate and are chromosomes
  2. The chromosomes unravel and become indistinct.
  3. The nuclear membrane reforms
18
Q

How does cell division occur in animal cells?

A

Many cells divide to allow organisms to grow and repair damaged structures

19
Q

How does cell division occur in plants?

A

Only specific areas undergo cell division - the meristem cells - so the shoot and root tails and just under bark so girth can increase

20
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

The splitting of the cytoplasm

21
Q

What occurs during cytokinesis?

A

The nucleus has divided and 2 independant cells are formed with each being genetically identical to eachother and the parent cell

A Level Biology - 2.1.6 Cell Division (6 decks)

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