STAINING

Question 1

process of applying dyes on the sections to see and study the ______and physical characteristics of the cells.

Answer 1

STAINING ; architectural pattern of the tissue

Question 2

is the primary diagnostic stain used in histology and histopathology.

Answer 2

H&E

Question 3

This component stains cell nuclei blue/black with good intranuclear detail

Answer 3

HEMATOXYLIN

Question 4

This component stains cell cytoplasm & most connective tissue fibers in varying shades & intensities of pink, orange & red.

Answer 4

EOSIN

Question 5

BASIC DYE

Answer 5

HEMATOXYLIN

Question 6

ACIDIC DYE

Answer 6

EOSIN

Question 7

STAINS NUCLEUS

Answer 7

HEMATOXYLIN

Question 8

STAINS CYTOPLASM AN EXTRACELLULAR FUBER

Answer 8

EOSIN

Question 9

A natural substance which is obtained from the heartwood of the logwood tree

Answer 9

Hematoxylin campechianum.

Question 10

The hematoxylin powder is crystallized out of solution. This powder is not readily ____

Answer 10

water soluble.

Question 11

Hematoxylin does not contain _____(the part of the dye molecule essential for color) and would therefore be better described as potential dye rather than a true dye.

Answer 11

chromophore

Question 12

active coloring agent is

Answer 12

hematin

Question 13

oxidation of hematoxylin, a process known as___

Answer 13

ripening.

Question 14

oxidizing hematoxylin (natural ripening) which may take as long as___

Answer 14

3-4 months.

Question 15

most commonly used oxidizing agent.

Answer 15

SODIUM IODATE

Question 16

The chemical oxidation converts the dye almost instantaneously but the product does not have ____

Answer 16

a shelf life.

Question 17

Uses ___to demonstrate nuclear and cytoplasmic structures

Answer 17

mordants

Question 18

Aluminum-salt lakes are usually

Answer 18

colored blue

Question 19

ferric salt lakes are

Answer 19

colored blue-black.

Question 20

A natural process wherein there is an exposure of the substance to air and sunlight for about 3-4 months.

Answer 20

NATURAL OXIDATION

Question 21

To speed up the natural process of oxidation, we used sodium iodate or mercuric oxide.

Answer 21

CHEMICAL OXIDATION

Question 22

NATURALLY RIPENED HEMATOXYLINS

Answer 22

Ehrich’s hematoxylin
Delafield’s hematoxylin

Question 23

CHEMICALLY RIPENED HEMATOXYLIN

Answer 23

Sodium iodate in Mayer’s hematoxylin (SIM)
Mercuric chloride in Harris’ hematoxylin (MCh)

Question 24

Hematin with mordant such as _____ forms a lake which functions as cationic dye and stains anionic tissue components.

Answer 24

ammonium or potassium alum

Question 25

Hematin in ___solution can be acidic or an alkaline dye depending on pH.

Answer 25

aqueous

Question 26

An acidic dye that is negatively charged and stains basic structures in color red or pink

Answer 26

EOSIN

Question 27

Commonly used as a background stain

Answer 27

EOSIN

Question 28

A red acid dye with three forms:

Answer 28

YELLOWISH BLUISH ETHYL EOSIN

Question 29

Process whereby tissue elements are stained in a definite sequence, and the staining solution is applied for specific periods of time until the desired intensity of coloring of the different tissue elements is attained.

Answer 29

PROGRESSIVE STAINING

Question 30

With this technique, the tissue is first overstained to obliterate the cellular details.

Answer 30

REGRESSIVE STAINING

Question 31

Is the microscopically controlled removal of stain from certain tissue components in order that specific tissue components are demonstrated.

Answer 31

DIFFERENTIATION (DECOLORIZATION)

Question 32

A selective removal of stain - accomplished with the use of

Answer 32

acid alcohol, ethyl alcohol, diluent, or the mordant

Question 33

After over-staining the section with alum hematoxylin, differentiation is carried out using ___

Answer 33

dilute HCl in 70% alcohol.

Question 34

Process of restoring the hydroxyl ions loss during the process of acid differentiation (removes the lake giving the tissue a red color).

Answer 34

BLUEING

Question 35

Most commonly used “blueing” agents

Answer 35

1% lithium carbonate dilute ammonium hydroxide Scott’s tap water substitute

Question 36

Less commonly used are ___

Answer 36

potassium acetate sodium acetate 0.2%-0.5% bicarbonate solutions.

Question 37

remove the wax from the section

Answer 37

Dewaxing/Deparaffinization

Question 38

sections to water”

Answer 38

hydration

Question 39

Haematoxylin solution (Harris or Mayer’s) minutes?

Answer 39

5 min

Question 40

Differentiation Tap water 1% acid alcohol Tap water

Answer 40

- 6 dips - 5-10 min - 6 dips

Question 41

a process where we stain a color of dye contrasting the principal stain, making the stain structure easily visible using a microscope or it used to color and contrast those colors that were retained during the first staining.

Answer 41

Counter (Cytoplasmic) Staining

Question 42

Primary (nuclear) stain - Hematoxylin for __ Then counterstain - Eosin solution for ___

Answer 42

5 mins 3 mins.

Question 43

Dehydration 95% alcohol 1 95% alcohol 2 100% alcohol 1 100% alcohol 2

Answer 43

all 1 min

Question 44

Hydration process uses a ____concentration of alcohol while the dehydration process uses an____ concentration of alcohol.

Answer 44

descending . ascending

Question 45

Calcium and calcified bone

Answer 45

Purplish blue

Question 46

Cartilage matrix and mucin

Answer 46

May appear blue with some Alum hematoxylin stain

Question 47

Karyosome

Answer 47

Dark purple

Question 48

Erythrocytes

Answer 48

Deep pink; may have an orange hue due to their natural color

Question 49

Collagen and osteoid tissue

Answer 49

light pink

Question 50

3 major groups of staining

Answer 50

HISTOLOGICAL HISTOCHEMICSL IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL

Question 51

METHODS OF STAINING

Answer 51

DIRECT' INDIRECT METALLIC IMPREGNATION VITAL STAINING INTRAVITAL SUPRAVITAL

Question 52

Process whereby the tissue constituents are demonstrated in sections by direct interaction with a dye or staining solution, producing coloration of the active tissue component.

Answer 52

HISTOLOGICAL STAINING (MICROANATOMICAL STAINING)

Question 53

Various constituents of tissues are studied through chemical reactions that will permit microscopic localization of a specific tissue substance.

Answer 53

HISTOCHEMICAL STAINING (HISTOCHEMISTRY

Question 54

A combination of immunologic and histochemical techniques that allow phenotypic markers to be detected and demonstrated under the microscope, using a wide range of polyclonal or monoclonal fluorescent labeled or enzyme-labeled antibodies.

Answer 54

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STAINING

Question 55

A combination of immunologic and histochemical techniques that allow phenotypic markers to be detected and demonstrated under the microscope, using a wide range of _____ OR ___

Answer 55

polyclonal or monoclonal fluorescent labeled or enzyme-labeled antibodies.

Question 56

A process of giving color to the sections by using aqueous or alcoholic dye solution.

Answer 56

DIRECT

Question 57

A process whereby the action of the dye is intensified by adding another agent; either mordant or accentuator.

Answer 57

INDIRECT

Question 57

It merely accelerates or hastens the speed of the staining reaction by increasing the staining power and selectivity of the dye.

Answer 57

ACCENTUATOR

Question 58

Is a process where specific tissue elements are demonstrated, not by stains, but by colorless solutions of metallic salts which are thereby reduced by the tissue, producing an opaque usually black deposit on the surface of the tissue or bacteria.

Answer 58

METALLIC IMPREGNATION

Question 59

Most commonly used agent for impregnation which can also function as staining agent.

Answer 59

Gold (Gold Chloride) and Silver Nitrate

Question 60

Is reduced by argentaffin cells (in melanin and intestinal glands) that form black deposits seen under the microscope.

Answer 60

Ammoniacal Silver

Question 61

Selective staining of living cell constituents, demonstrating cytoplasmic structure by phagocytosis of the dye particle (cytoplasmic phagocytosis).

Answer 61

VITAL STAINING

Question 62

Staining of living cells is done by injecting the dye into any part of the animal body (either intravenous, intraperitoneal or subcutaneous), producing specific coloration of certain cells, particularly those of the reticulo-endothelial system.

Answer 62

INTRAVITAL STAINING

Question 63

Used to stain living cells immediately after removal from the living body.

Answer 63

SUPRAVITAL STAINING

Question 64

Recommended for mitochondria = STAIN

Answer 64

JANUS GREEN

Question 65

Why do we need to place the tissue slide in hot plate before staining?

Answer 65

Before staining, the tissue slides must be kept at 65 degrees Celsius on a hot plate for 20 minutes in order to remove all paraffin wax.

Question 66

H&E PROCEDURE

Answer 66

DEWAXING HYDRATION PRIMARY STAINING DIFFERENTIATION BLUEING DISTILLED WATER COUNTER STAINING TEMPORARY MOUNTING DEHYDRATION CLEARING MOUNTING AND COVER SLIPPING EXAMINE