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HISTOPATHOLOGY > STAINING > Flashcards

STAINING Flashcards

1
Q

A process of applying dye to a tissue to study and see the architectural pattern of the tissue and the physical characteristic of the cell

A

Staining

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2
Q

Other name of staining

A

Dyeing

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3
Q

Is nucleus acidic or basic?

A

Acidic

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4
Q

Is cytoplasm acidic or basic?

A

Basic

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5
Q

Nucleus can be stained using acidic or basic alkaline dye?

A

Alkaline or basic dye

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6
Q

Cytoplasm can be stained using acidic or alkaline basic dye?

A

Acidic dye

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7
Q

Stains that dye nucleus in red color

A

Red:
Hematoxylin
Safranin O
Carmine
Neutral red

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8
Q

Stains that dye nucleus in blue color

A

Blue:
Methylene blue
Toluidine blue
Celestine blue

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9
Q

Stains that dye cytoplasm in red color

A

Red
Eosin Y
Eosin B
Phloxine B

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10
Q

Stains that dye cytoplasm in yellow color

A

Yellow:
Picric acid
Orange G
Rose bengal

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11
Q

Stains that dye cytoplasm in green color

A

Green:
Light green SF
Lissamine green

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12
Q

Method of Staining that requires aqeous or alcohol solution

A

Direct

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13
Q

Method of Staining that requires mordant and accentuator

A

Indirect

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14
Q

It serves as the link or bridge

A

Mordant

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15
Q

It hastens the speed of staining also called as accelerator

A

Accentuator

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16
Q

Method of staining that has a definitesequence (increasing)

A

Progressive

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17
Q

Method of staining that does not require washing, differentiation and decolorization

A

Progressive staining

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18
Q

Method of staining that overstained until the desired color is attained

A

Regressive

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19
Q

It is a method of staining that requires washing, differentiation and decolorization

A

Regressive

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20
Q

A method of staining that the tissue components combined with these dyes to form different color from the surrounding

A

Metachromatic

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21
Q

Method of staining with primary mordant and decolorizer

A

Counterstaining

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22
Q

Method of staining that are not dyes or metallic salts

A

Metallic impregnation

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23
Q

Example of metallic impregnation

A

Gold chloride and Silver nitrate

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24
Q

this agent is most commonly used in decalcification

A

Silver nitrate

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25
Q

This method of staining are used in living cells

A

Vital stains

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26
Q

Two types of vital stain

A

Intravital and Supravital

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27
Q

this method is through injection of dye (IV, Intraperitoneal, subcutaneous) inside the animals or etc

A

Intravital

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28
Q

this method is applied in living cells immediately after removal

A

Supravital

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29
Q

Example of Intravital stain

A

Lithium
Carmine
India Ink

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30
Q

Example of Supravital stain

A

Janus Green B
Neutral Red

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31
Q

Best vital dye

A

Neutral red

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32
Q

Dyes Mitochondria

A

Janus Green B

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33
Q

Method of staining that uses flourescent dye

A

Fluorescent staining

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34
Q

this dye came from animals, plants and/or insects

A

Natural dye

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35
Q

Example of Natural dyes

A

Hematoxylin
Cochineal
Orcein
Saffron

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36
Q

Dye derived from coal tar

A

Synthetic dye

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37
Q

Hydrocarbon of synthetic dye

A

Benzene

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38
Q

Example of Synthetic Dye

A

Acid
Basic
Neutral

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39
Q

vital stainsfor RES

A

Trypan blue

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40
Q

Metallic Impregnation differs from staining because it produce _____________

A

Opaque black particulate

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41
Q

Used for demonstration of lipids

A

Osmium tetroxide

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42
Q

Under Natural dye that considered the most important and commonly used in histologic studies

A

Hematoxylin

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43
Q

A vegetable dye extracted from lichens which are normally colorless

A

Orcein

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44
Q

When this treated with ammonia and exposed to the air it produces blue or violet color

A

Orcein

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45
Q

This derived from bugs, coccus cacti

A

Cochineal

46
Q

A plant with orange stigmas

A

Saffron

47
Q

Synthetic dyes composed of 2 substances

A

Chromophore
Auxochrome

48
Q

also known as color bearer

A

Chromophore

49
Q

Also known as color intensifier

A

Auxocrome

50
Q

Process of selective removal of excess dye

A

Differentiation

51
Q

natural dye extracted from heartwood of the tree

A

Hematoxylin

52
Q

the most valuable staining reagent used by the cytologist due to its poweful nuclear and active coloring agent

A

Hematoxylin

53
Q

form of oxidation of Hematoxylin that serves as active coloring agent

A

Hematin

54
Q

This is usually done by exposing the substance to air and sunlight, thereby oxidizing hematoxylin

A

Ripening

55
Q

Complex of stain and mordant is called

A

Lake

56
Q

most commonly used mordant

A

Aluminum salts/Alum salts

57
Q

this give a blue lake

A

Aluminum/Alum salts

58
Q

thus causes an intense blue black when used as a mordant

A

Ferric salt

59
Q

A red dye used for staining cytoplasm

A

Eosin

60
Q

Most commonly used eosin

A

Eosin Y

61
Q

Erythrosine B

A

Eosin B

62
Q

Alcoholic soluble eosin

A

Eosin S/ Ethyl eosin

63
Q

Demonstration for connective tissue

A

Acid fuchsin
Picric acid (Vam Gieson Stain)

64
Q

Discriminate dead and living cells

A

Acridine orange (Masson Stain)

65
Q

In acridine orange what is the color of DNA and RNA

A

DNA - green
RNA - red

66
Q

AcridineRed 3B

A

Demonstration of calcium salt deposits and phosphatase activities

67
Q

Demonstrates hemoglobin

A

Benzidine

68
Q

most sensitive oil soluble dye that have a greater affinity for phospholipids and neutral fats

A

Sudan Black B

69
Q

most comonly used, stains neutral fats but not phospholipids

A

Sudan IV (Scharlac R)

70
Q

1st Sudan dye that stains CNS tissue

A

Sudan III

71
Q

water soluble pthalocyanine dye

A

Alcian blue

72
Q

Alcian blue

A

connective tissue and epithelial mucin

73
Q

cytoplasmic stain for counterstaining of epithelial section

A

Aniline blue

74
Q

component of modified acid fast stain; plasma stain

A

Basic fuchsin

75
Q

Basic fuchsin

A

Acid fast organisms, mitochondria and differentiation of smooth muscles

76
Q

used as counterstain for grams technique, for acid fast and for papaniculao method

A

Bismarck brown

77
Q

stains diptheriaorganism

A

Bismarck brown

78
Q

Oldest stain

A

Iodine

79
Q

Iodine stains

A

Amyloid, cellulose, starch, carotenes and glycogen

80
Q

Two types of iodine stain

A

Gram’s iodine
Lugol’s iodine

81
Q

Gram’s iodine

A

microorganism and fibrin in tissue sections

82
Q

stain for glycogen, amyloid and corpora amylacea

A

Lugol’s iodine

83
Q

best known as pH indicator

A

Congo red

84
Q

Congo red stains

A

Elastic tissue, amyloid and myelin

85
Q

A stain that is a metallic impregnation stain, made up of gold chloride and mercuric chloride

A

Gold sublimate

86
Q

Best Carmine Solution

A

Carmine and Aluminum chloride = Glycogen

87
Q

Chromatin stain for fresh materials in smear preparations

A

Carmine

88
Q

Blood to differentiate WBCs, blood parasites (pH 7.2-7.4)

A

Giemsa stain

89
Q

Nuclear or chromatin stain
Amyloid in frozen sections
Platelets in blood

A

Crystal violet

90
Q

Routine staining of fixed sections
Resistant to strong acids
Good nuclear stain

A

Celestine blue

91
Q

Counterstain for Ascaris eggs

A

Malachite green

92
Q

Malachite green can be used as

A

decolorizer and counterstain

93
Q

Erythrocyte and bacterial spore stain

A

Malachite green

94
Q

Prussian blue stains

A

Iron

95
Q

Spirochetes and reticulin fiber can be stained by

A

Silver nitrate

96
Q

Toluidine blue is a

A

nuclear stain

97
Q

it is used with osmic acid to fix and stain blood and glandural tissues

A

Rhodamine B

98
Q

Example of flourescent dye

A

Rhodamine B

99
Q

Diagnosis of diptheria
Can stain plasma cells, cytological examination of sputum for malignant cells

A

Methylene blue

100
Q

Vital stain of nervous tissue

A

Methylene blue

101
Q

vital stain for RES

A

Trypan blue

102
Q

mainly used for staining elastic fibers

A

Orcein

103
Q

Dermatological studies, demonstrates finest and most delicate fibers in the skin

A

Orcein

104
Q

Demonstrate cell granules and vacuoles of phagocytic cells

A

Neutral red

105
Q

Stains for lipids

A

Osmium tetroxide

106
Q

Stains fat as color black

A

Osmium tetroxide

107
Q

counterstain for acid fuchsin

A

Picric acid

108
Q

H. pylori

A

Toluidine blue
Cresyl violet acetate method

109
Q

L. pneumophilia

A

Dieterle method

110
Q

Nocardia and Actinomyces

A

Brown and Brenn

111
Q

Mycobacteria

A

Ziehl nelseen
Auramine Rhodamine

112
Q

M. leprae and Nocardia

A

Wade fite

HISTOPATHOLOGY (4 decks)

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