STAINING

Question 1

To see and study the architectural pattern of the tissue, the physical characteristics of the cells, and the structural relationship of the tissue and their cells.

Answer 1

Staining

Question 2

Classification of staining that differentiates between nucleus and cytoplasm.

Answer 2

Histological staining

Question 3

A microscopic localization of a specific tissue substance through chemical reactions.

Answer 3

Histochemical staining

Question 4

A combination of immunologic and histochemical techniques that allow phenotypic markers to be detected and demonstrated under the microscope.

Answer 4

Immunohistochemical staining

Question 5

Periodic acid schiff stains…

Answer 5

Carbohydrates

Question 6

It gives color to sections by using simple alcoholic/aqueous dye solutions

Answer 6

Direct staining

Question 7

Action of dye is intensified by adding another agent such as mordant and accentuator

Answer 7

Indirect staining

Question 8

Most commonly used mordant

Answer 8

Aluminum

Question 9

Mordant used in Weigert’s hematoxylin

Answer 9

Ferric Chloride

Question 10

Mordant used in Alum hematoxylin

Answer 10

K alum

Question 11

Mordant used in Tungsten hematoxylin

Answer 11

Sunlight/K

Question 12

Mordant used in Heidenhain’s

Answer 12

Ferric ammonium sulfate

Question 13

Acts as a link or bridge between the tissue and the dye.

Answer 13

Mordant

Question 14

Does not participate in the staining reaction, but merely accelerates the speed of the staining reaction by increasing the staining power and selectivity of the stain.

Answer 14

Accentuator

Question 15

Accentuator Potassium hydroxide is used in ….

Answer 15

Loeffler’s Methylene blue

Question 16

Accentuator phenol is used in …

Answer 16

Carbolfuschin and carbol thionine

Question 17

No washing , differentiation, decolorization

Answer 17

Progressive staining

Question 18

First, the tissue is overstained , and then the excess stain is removed for specific periods of time or until the desired intensity of color is obtained

Answer 18

Regressive staining

Question 19

Selective removal of excess stain from tissue

Answer 19

Differentiation/decolorizer

Question 20

3 classes of differentiators:

Answer 20

“AMO”
Acid, Mordant, Oxidizing

Question 21

Example of oxidizing differentiator

Answer 21

Potassium permangante/Potassium ferricyanide

Question 22

Example of acid differentiator

Answer 22

HCl, HAc

Question 23

Cytoplasmic stains - RED

Answer 23

“REEP”
Eosin Y, Eosin B, Phloxine B

Question 24

Cytoplasmic stains - YELLOW

Answer 24

“YPOR”
Picric acid, Orange G, Rose bengal

Question 25

Cytoplasmic stains - GREEN

Answer 25

"GiLiLi" Light green SF, Lissamine

Question 26

Nucleic stains - RED

Answer 26

"RedNaSaCarmineHema" Neutral Red, Safranin, Carmine, Hematoxylin

Question 27

Nucleic stains - BLUE

Answer 27

"BayotManToCeleste" Methylene Blue, Toluene Blue, Celestine blue

Question 28

2 types of ripening:

Answer 28

1. Exposure to sunlight (3-4 months) 2. Chemical oxidation

Question 29

Ripening agents for chemical oxidation

Answer 29

"HyPoMeSoSo" Hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, Mercuric oxide, Sodium perborate, sodium iodate

Question 30

Color bearer

Answer 30

Chromopore

Question 31

Color generator

Answer 31

Chromogen

Question 32

Color increaser

Answer 32

Auxochrome

Question 33

It uses specific dyes that differentiate particular substances by staining them with a color that is different from that of the stain itself

Answer 33

Metachromatic staining

Question 34

All metachromatic dyes are acidic or basic?

Answer 34

basic

Question 35

ALL tissue components showing metachromasia are acidic or basic?

Answer 35

acidic

Question 36

Stains are not applied; rather, colorless solutions of metallic salts are used

Answer 36

Metallic impregnation

Question 37

Most valuable metal used

Answer 37

Gold and silver

Question 38

selective staining of living cell constituent

Answer 38

vital staining

Question 39

nucleus is not demonstrated; if so, it means that the cell is dead

Answer 39

vital staining

Question 40

Injecting the dye into any part of the body of the animal

Answer 40

intravital staining

Question 41

Staining the living cells immediately after removal from the living body

Answer 41

supravital staining

Question 42

Best vital dye

Answer 42

Neutral red

Question 43

supravital stain for mitochondria

Answer 43

Janus Green

Question 44

Used immediately becuase toxic to cell

Answer 44

Trypan blue