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Stains Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What does Alcian Blue stain?

A

Acid mucins

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2
Q

What does PAS stain?

A 
\+ve for Glycogen
All mucins
Glycoproteins
Glycolipids
(Basement membranes)
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3
Q

What does PAS-D stain?

A

-ve for Glycogen
All mucins
Glycoproteins
Glycolipids

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4
Q

With what stains would you demonstrate both acid AND neutral mucins?

A
  • PAS with Alcian blue to demonstrate both acid & neutral mucins.
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5
Q

With what stains would you be able to specifically identify glycogen?

A

PAS and PAS-D together

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6
Q

True or false.

PAS gives you specific sugar type.

A

False.

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7
Q

Name the 4 carbohydrate stains

A
  • Alcian Blue
  • PAS
  • PAS-D
  • Toluidine Blue
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8
Q

What does Toluidine Blue stain?

A
  • Heparin/Histidine in mast cells = red/purple
  • Polysaccharides = purple
  • Nucleus = blue
  • Amyloid = blue but gives red birefringence under polarized light.
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9
Q

Name two metachromatic stains

A

Toluidine Blue and Crystal Violet.

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10
Q

What disease states can Toluidine Blue identify?

A
  • Helps identify anaphylaxis & asthma, inflammatory diseases, parasites & allergies.
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11
Q

What does Congo Red stain?

A

Amyloid.
Normal tissue = red
Amyloid = dark red

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12
Q

What does Crystal Violet stain?

A

Amyloid

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13
Q

What does Sirius Red stain?

A

Amyloid

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14
Q

What does Flavine T stain?

A

Amyloid (but it requires a fluorescent microscope)

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15
Q

What does Miller’s Elastin stain?

A

Elastin (increased amount or decreased amount, normal pattern distribution etc)

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16
Q

Where is elastin found?

A

In blood vessels, respiratory system and in skin.

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17
Q

Is Miller’s Elastin stain polar or non polar?

A

Non-polar (this is why it can stain elastin as elastin is hydrophobic)

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18
Q

What does Orcein stain?

A

Elastin

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19
Q

What does Martius Scarlet Blue (MSB) stain?

A

Fibrin

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20
Q

What is fibrin?

A

Insoluble fibrillary protein, part of inflammatory process.

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21
Q

What does Phosphotungstic Acid Haematoxylin (PTAH) stain?

A

Fibrin

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22
Q

What does Masson Trichrome stain?

A

Fibrin

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23
Q

What does Jones’ Methanamine Silver stain?

A

Collagen type IV (+PAS) in basement membrane

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24
Q

What does Van Gieson stain?

A

Collagen = red
Nuclei = blue/black
Everything else = yellow

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25
What does reticulin stain?
Reticular fibres (supporting matrix). Reticular fibres are increased in disease.
26
What does Sudan Black stain?
Lipids. Frozen section is required.
27
What does Oil O Red stain?
Lipids. Frozen section is required.
28
What conditions are you looking for with lipids stains?
Thecoma, lipid storage disorders.
29
Name 12 Extracellular protein stains
1. Congo red 2. Crystal violet 3. Sirius Red 4. Thioflavine T 5. Miller's Elastin 6. Orcein 7. Martius Scarlet Blue (MSB) 8. Phosphotungstic Acid Haematoxylin (PTAH) 9. Masson Trichrome 10. Jones' Methenamine Silver 11. Van Gieson 12. Reticulin
30
Name the 4 amyloid stains.
- Congo Red - Crystal Violet - Sirius Red - Thioflavine T
31
Name the 2 elastin stains.
- Miller's Elastin | - Orcein
32
Name the 3 fibrin stains.
- Martius Scarlet Blue (MSB) - Phosphotungstic Acid Haematoxylin (PTAH) - Masson Trichrome
33
Name the 2 collagen stains.
- Jones’ Methenamine Silver | - Van Gieson
34
Name the 2 lipid stains.
- Sudan Black | - Oil O Red
35
What does Grimelus stain for?
``` Neuroendocrine granules (endogenous pigment) - Looking for carcinoid tumours derived from neuroendocrine cells. ```
36
What does Masson Fontana stain for?
Melanin (endogenous pigment). Stains melanin black. Now largely replaced by IHC.
37
What does Perls stain for?
- Haemosiderin - Iron (endogenous pigment) - May be deposited in damaged tissue. - Asbestos bodies (exogenous pigment, technically a fibre, not a pigment).
38
What does Rhodamine stain for?
Copper (endogenous pigment). High amounts of copper in Wilson's disease and Menke's disease
39
What does Rubeanic Acid stain for?
Copper (endogenous pigment) | High amounts of copper in Wilson's disease and Menke's disease
40
What does Schmorls stain for?
``` Bile (endogenous pigment) Vary in colour: - Red/brown = bilirubin - Green = biliverdin Excessive amounts in some liver or haemolytic diseases. ```
41
What does asbestos look like under the microscope?
Dumbell shaped structure surrounded by macrophages and haemosiderin.
42
What stains heparin red/purple?
Toluidine blue
43
What stains histidine red/purple?
Toluidine blue
44
What substances are birefringent?
- Amyloid (blue but gives red birefringence with toluidine blue and polarised light) - Uric acid crystals.
45
Which stain stains: Collagen = red Nuclei = blue/black Everything else = yellow
Van Gieson
46
What is a good stain for reticular fibres?
Reticulin
47
What stains neuroendocrine granules?
Grimelus
48
Name the 6 pigment stains.
- Grimelus - Masson Fontana - Perls - Rhodamine - Rubeanic Acid - Schmorls
49
What stain is used for bile?
Schmorls
50
What stain is used for copper?
Rhodamine and Rubeanic acid
51
Which stain is used for haemosiderin?
Perls
52
Which stain is used for iron pigments?
Perls
53
Which stain is used for asbestos bodies?
Perls
54
Which stain is used for melanin?
Masson Fontana
55
Name 5 endogenous pigments.
- Neuroendocrine granules - Melanin - Iron - Copper - Bile
56
Name an exogenous pigment
Asbestos (technically a fibre)
57
What stain would you use to stain acid mucins?
Alcian Blue
58
What stain is positive for glycogen?
PAS
59
What stain is negative for glycogen?
PAS-D
60
Which amyloid stain requires a fluorescent microscope?
Thioflavine T

Histopathology (3 decks)

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