Stains

Question 1

MART-1 immunostain will stain what? AKA Melan-A

Answer 1

Melanocytic nevi and melanomas.

Question 2

CD34 immunostaining is used for what?

Answer 2

DFSP 85percent will stain with this.

Question 3

Fontana-Masson stain is used to stain what?

Answer 3

Melanin

Question 4

Factor XIIIa is a stain for what fibrous tumor

Answer 4

dermatofibroma

Question 5

What does Perls prussian blue stain for?

Answer 5

Iron

Question 6

What does SOX10 stain for best.

Answer 6

Melanoma especially in sentinel node biopsies.

Question 7

What does Ber-EP4 stain for

Answer 7

BCC

Question 8

What does CK20 stain for?

Answer 8

Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Question 9

What does S100 stain for?

Answer 9

melanoma

Question 10

What do cytokeratins stain for?

Answer 10

SCC

Question 11

What does HMB-45 stain for (human melanoma black)

Answer 11

Melanoma (not desmoplastic)

Question 12

Four cases that you should always order an immunostain.

Answer 12

Pagetoid growth
Spindle cell tumors
small blue cell tumors
Mets

Question 13

AE1/AE3 immunostain is a great stain for what?

Answer 13

it is a broad spectrum cytokeratin stain so very useful in looking for SCC and other keratinocyte carcinomas

Question 14

What does CK 7 stain for?

Answer 14

Extramammary Paget’s disease

Question 15

What does Cam 5.2 stain for?

Answer 15

Mucinous carcinoma

Question 16

what are two good neural marker stains to highlight nerves if looking for perineural involvement.

Answer 16

S100 and SOX10

Question 17

what does angiosarcoma stain with always

Answer 17

CD 31

Question 18

What is ERG stain good for?

Answer 18

Angiosarcoma (also prostate cancer) Angiosarcomas also stain for CD 31 & CD 34

Question 19

Kaposi sarcoma stains with what?

Answer 19

HHV-8

Question 20

P63 is a useful stain for what?

Answer 20

poorly differentiated SCC when cytokeratin stains may not work.

Question 21

What kind of stain is MNF116

Answer 21

a cytokeratin stain useful in SCC (from a mouse)

Question 22

how does toluidine blue help tell bcc from follicles

Answer 22

there is a pink stromal reaction around BCC

Question 23

S100 stain verocay bodies what are they?

Answer 23

palladised spindle cells in schwannomas

Question 24

What specifically does toluene blue stain a magenta color.

Answer 24

glycosaminoglycans of the myxoid stroma that surrounds BCC but not follicles

Question 25

What kind of stain is this?

Answer 25

Trichrom muscle nerve stains red collagen blue

Question 26

What stain is usually + in primary extramammary padgets disease but is negative in secondary padgets?

Answer 26

GCDFP CEA, CK7 PAS stain + in both (argument on CK7)

Question 27

What do most atypical fibroxanthomas stain to?

Answer 27

CD 10 a diagnosis of exclusion Negative to other markers such as SOX10, S100, HMB-45, Melan-A, pancytokeratin, desmin, caldesmon, CD31 and CD34

Question 28

Is Heatoxylin stain acidic or basic.

Answer 28

Basic - think blue

Question 29

What does hematoxylin stain.

Answer 29

nuclei

Question 30

The depth of the blue-purple hematoxylin stain is due to what two factors?

Answer 30

Amount of nuclear material length of time in the hematoxylin

Question 31

Which is used first hematoxylin or eosin?

Answer 31

hematoxylin

Question 32

what happens after Hematoxylin application.

Answer 32

after rinsing with water a blueing agent (slightly basic) is applied which turns hematoxylin red to the traditional blue.

Question 34

What is differentation in the H & E staining process?

Answer 34

After the blueing of the Hematoxyln if there is too much Hematoxyln it can be removed by an acidic solution. Hydrochloric acid for rapid differentation Acetic acid for slower removal differentation

Question 35

What can you do to increase the shelf life of Hematoxylin?

Answer 35

add small amounts of acetic acid

Question 36

What are four blueing agents.

Answer 36

tap water if alkaline enough Scott's tap water ammonia lithium carbonate

Question 37

Is eosin acidic or basic?

Answer 37

acidic the counterstain to hematoxlyn

Question 38

What does eosin stain?

Answer 38

cytoplasm

Question 39

what is the most commonly used eosin?

Answer 39

Eosin Y

Question 40

what can be added to eosin to sharpen the red stain?

Answer 40

phyloxine

Question 42

What staining differences will be seen in poorly differentiaed SCC to well differentiated SCC in regards to eosin stain.

Answer 42

The poor diferentiated will stain more of a blue. The well differentiated more of a red.

Question 43

What kind of differentiators are used following eosin stain to remove excess eosin?

Answer 43

Water (slightly basic)

Question 44

What follows eosin staining

Answer 44

ethanol 95% alcohol rinses slide while the water pulls out the excess eosin

Question 45

What causes bleeding of eosin when cover slipping a slide

Answer 45

poor dehydration in the alcohol

Question 46

What is the first step in frozen section staining?

Answer 46

hydration dehydration slide is put thru changes in alcohol or acetone then rinsed with water.

Question 47

In paraffin embedded tissue what is the first step in H&E staining

Answer 47

dewaxing with xylene

Question 48

What two components of Hematoxyln make up the stain

Answer 48

oxidized hematoxylin or hematein dye + and a binding agent aluminum salt in the solution

Question 49

What is the final step before coverslipping in an H&E stain?

Answer 49

clearing use xylene to clear the tissue to make transparent.

Question 50

List the steps in the H & E stain process for a frozen section

Answer 50

Hydration/dehydration Hematoxyln Blueing differentiation Bluing again Eosin Dehydration Clearing

Question 51

What is the colorless hematoxylin oxidized by?

Answer 51

Sodium iodate

Question 52

when colorless hematoxyln is oxidized by sodium iodate it becomes red/ brown what?

Answer 52

hematein

Question 53

What do aluminum salts do when staining with hematoxylin?

Answer 53

help bind the hematein (which is hematoxylin oxidized by sodium Iodate) to tissue.

Question 55

What does CD1a stain for?

Answer 55

Langerhans cells

Question 56

What two lesions can giant touton cells be found?

Answer 56

Cellular blue nevi Juvenile xanthogranuloma The blue nevus is more fiberous may have pigment and the rete ridges are usually still there where they are flattened in Juvenile xanthogranuloma.