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Flashcards in Stalinism in Wartime Deck (44)
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1
Q

What years was the Great Patriotic War?

A

1941-45

2
Q

What was operation Barbarossa?

A

The Three Pronged attack launched on Russia by Germany.

3
Q

Where were the Germans focusing their efforts in The Great Patriotic War by 1942?

A

On the Caucasus Oil Fields.

4
Q

What was Stalin’s first wartime order?

A

That the German air force be destroyed and the invading forces annihilated.

5
Q

Who was left in charge of public announcements during the war?

A

Vyacheslav Molotov

6
Q

In his speeches, what did Stalin encourage people to fight for?

A

Russia itself rather than socialism.

7
Q

Why did Stalin demote the War Veteran, Georgi Zhukov?

A

He threatened his own authority.

8
Q

What efforts did Georgi Zhukov make during the war?

A

He defended Moscow & led the Soviet troops to Berlin, April 1945.

9
Q

What sign of opposition was there during the German invasion?

A

Some ethnic minorities/people living in poverty welcomed the German troops.

10
Q

When did Stalin issue order 227: ‘not one step backwards?’

A

July 1942

11
Q

What was allowed under the issue, ‘not one step backwards?’

A

Any soldier who fell behind or tried to retreat was to be shot on sight.

12
Q

How many soldiers were sentenced to death under the ‘not one step backwards,’ issue?

A

150,000

13
Q

When did Stalin dissolve the Volga German autonomous republic?

A

August 1941

14
Q

After 1941, what happened to the people of the Volga German autonomous republic?

A

They were sent to the East.

15
Q

How many people were forced to uproot in Stalin’s actions to prevent political disintegration?

A

1.5 million

16
Q

How many new members joined the Communist Party during the war?

A

3.6 million

17
Q

What percentage of the Army were party members by 1945?

A

25%

18
Q

How did Russia’s success in the war aid the party?

A

Stalin could credit and advocate the Socialist state.

19
Q

How did Stalin fight the German’s success in seizing Russian farm land and industry?

A

1523 factories were transplanted to the East.

20
Q

When did the transplanting of Soviet factories take place?

A

between July & November 1941

21
Q

What percentage of National Expenditure was taken up by the military at the end of 1942?

A

57%

22
Q

What percentage of entire production was given to munitions by 1942?

A

76%

23
Q

How many new industrial enterprises were established during the war?

A

3500

24
Q

How much military equipment was sent to Russia from the West?

A

17.5 million tons

25
Q

What were the Russian people told about foreign aid during the war?

A

That their efforts were ignored by the west.

26
Q

How much aid was provided by the USA under the Land-Lease scheme of 1941?

A

11 billion dollars.

27
Q

How many people signed up to the Russian Army in Moscow after the announcement of the invasion?

A

120,000

28
Q

How were working conditions affected by the war?

A

all undrafted workers were required to partake in war-work,
pentioners were encouraged to return to work,
students were required to undertake part-time work,
overtime became obligatory, holidays were suspended.
The working day became 12 hours.

29
Q

How many hours was the average working week during the war?

A

70-77 hours

30
Q

How were factories governed?

A

under martial law, discipline was tightened.

31
Q

How was unauthorised absence from work punishable?

A

By death.

32
Q

How was discipline in the army extended?

A

It was an offence to be captured; whilst in captivity, a soldiers family’s rations would be confiscated.

33
Q

How many deaths during the war were a result of starvation?

A

25 million

34
Q

What percentage of munition was provided by the Gulag slave labour?

A

15%

35
Q

What was the death rate in the Gulag Labour Camps by 1942?

A

25%

36
Q

Why were priests released from the Gulags during the war?

A

Stalin wanted to use faith to lift people’s spirits.

37
Q

How did Stalin fight against the falling population during the war?

A

He introduced tax for those with fewer than two children, restrictions on divorce, abortion was forbidden, the right to inherit family property was re-established etc.

38
Q

How many partisans were there by 1943?

A

300,000

39
Q

How did the partisans operate?

A

Using Guerilla Warfare to sabotage enemy operations.

40
Q

How did the Nazis react to the partisan activity?

A

Many innocent villagers were massacred in response.

41
Q

How did Stalin’s reputation soar during wartime?

A

He became a national superhero.

42
Q

How many civilian deaths were there during the war?

A

19 million

43
Q

How many soldiers died during the war?

A

9 million

44
Q

How many Kolkhozes were wasted during the war?

A

100,000