Standards and Norms Flashcards
What is criterion referencing?
Criterions referencing is when we specify a standard/criteria that needs to be met for acceptance.
What is norm referencing?
Norm referencing is when we compare a standardised score to a large representative sample.
Name two things that derived scores (norms) allow us to do?
Understand an individuals position in relation to a normative sample.
Provide a comparable measure that permits us to compare scores across different tests.
Name 4 examples of norms.
Mean, SD (Z score), % rank, T score
Explain a percentile score and 3 advantages.
Percentile scores reflect the percentage of individuals who fall below that score.
Advantages are that they are easy to interpret, easy to compute, and universally applicable.
What is a disadvantage of a percentile score?
Percentile scores have inequality of units. This means the space between percentile units is not of equal value.
e.g. raw score difference’s are shrunk at extremes and exaggerated in the middle.
What does a Z score tell us? Also, what are the normal upper and lower limits of Z scores?
An individual’s standard deviation from the mean.
-3 to +3 is the normal range.
What are T scores and what are they mostly used for?
They are linear transformations of Z scores. This means we change the mean and SD to make it easier to interpret.
They are mostly used for personality tests.
Do we need to draw our linear standard scores from similar distributions?
Yes. To ensure comparability we need to normalise data.
How do we convert a deviation IQ to a percentile rank?
First, we need to convert it to a Z score, then we can interpret the normal distribution graph looking at cumulative percentage.
What does a Deviation IQ allow us to do?
Allows IQ scores to be compared across age groups.
