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Staphylococcus Flashcards

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0
Q

food poisoning, scalded skin syndrome, toxic shock syndrome

A

S. aureus
Diseases
Toxin mediated

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1
Q

S. aureus
Diseases
Toxin mediated

A

food poisoning, scalded skin syndrome, toxic shock syndrome

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2
Q

S. aureus
Diseases
Cutaneous

A

Carbuncles, folliculitis, furuncles, impetigo, wound infection

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3
Q

Carbuncles, folliculitis, furuncles, impetigo, wound infection

A

S. aureus
Diseases
Cutaneous

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4
Q

S. aureus
Diseases
Other

A

Bacteremia, endocarditis, pneumonia, empyema, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis

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5
Q

Bacteremia, endocarditis, pneumonia, empyema, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis

A

S. aureus
Diseases
Other

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6
Q

S. epidermidis

Diseases

A

Bacteremia; endocarditis; surgical wounds; urinary tract infections; opportunistic infections of catheters, shunts, prosthetic devices, and peritoneal dialysates

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7
Q

Bacteremia; endocarditis; surgical wounds; urinary tract infections; opportunistic infections of catheters, shunts, prosthetic devices, and peritoneal dialysates

A

S. epidermidis

Diseases

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8
Q

S. saprophticus

Diseases

A

Urinary tract infections; opportunistic infections

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9
Q

Urinary tract infections; opportunistic infections

A

S. saprophticus

Diseases

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10
Q

S. lugdunensis

Diseases

A

Endocarditis; arthritis; bacteremia; opportunistic infections, urinary tract infections

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11
Q

Endocarditis; arthritis; bacteremia; opportunistic infections, urinary tract infections

A

S. lugdunensis

Diseases

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12
Q

S. haemolyticus

Diseases

A

Bacteremia; endocarditis; bone and joint infections; urinary tract infections; wound infections; and opportunistic infections

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13
Q

Bacteremia; endocarditis; bone and joint infections; urinary tract infections; wound infections; and opportunistic infections

A

S. haemolyticus

Diseases

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14
Q

Staphylococcus aureus
Virulence factors
Structural components

A 
Capsule
Slime layer
Peptidoglycan
Teichoic acid
Protein A
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15
Q 
Capsule
Slime layer
Peptidoglycan
Teichoic acid
Protein A
A

Staphylococcus aureus
Virulence factors
Structural components

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16
Q

Staphylococcus aureus
Virulence factors
Toxins

A

Cytotoxins
Exfoliative toxins (ETA, ETB)
Enterotoxins (A-R)
Toxic shock syndrom toxin-1

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17
Q

Cytotoxins
Exfoliative toxins (ETA, ETB)
Enterotoxins (A-R)
Toxic shock syndrom toxin-1

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Virulence factors
Toxins

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18
Q

Staphylococcus aureus
Virulence factors
Enzymes

A 
Coagulase
Hyaluronidase
Fibrinolysin
Lipases
Nucleases
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19
Q 
Coagulase
Hyaluronidase
Fibrinolysin
Lipases
Nucleases
A

Staphylococcus aureus
Virulence factors
Enzymes

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20
Q

S. aureus capsule

A

S. aureus structural components

Inhibits chemotaxis and phagocytosis; inhibits proliferation of mononuclear cells

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21
Q

S. aureus structural components

Inhibits chemotaxis and phagocytosis; inhibits proliferation of mononuclear cells

A

S. aureus capsule

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22
Q

S. aureus slime layer

A

S. aureus structural components

Facilitates adherens to foreign bodies; inhibits phagocytosis

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23
Q

S. aureus structural components

Facilitates adherens to foreign bodies; inhibits phagocytosis

A

S. aureus slime layer

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24
S. aureus structural components Provides osmotic stability; stimulates production of endogenous pyrogen( endotoxin- like activity); leukocye chemoattractant( abscess formation); inhibits phagocytosis
S. aureus peptidoglycan
25
S. aureus peptidoglycan
S. aureus structural components Provides osmotic stability; stimulates production of endogenous pyrogen( endotoxin- like activity); leukocye chemoattractant( abscess formation); inhibits phagocytosis
26
S. aureus teichoic acid
S. aureus structural components Binds to fibronectin
27
S. aureus structural components Binds to fibronectin
S. aureus teichoic acid
28
S. aureus protein A
S. aureus structural components Inhibits antibody-mediated clearance by binding IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 Fc receptors; leukocyte chemoattractant; anticomplementry
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S. aureus structural components Inhibits antibody-mediated clearance by binding IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 Fc receptors; leukocyte chemoattractant; anticomplementry
S. aureus protein A
30
S. aureus toxins Toxic for many cells, including erythrocytes, fibroblast, leukocytes, macrophages, and platelets
S. aureus Cytotoxins
31
S. aureus Cytotoxins
S. aureus toxins Toxic for many cells, including erythrocytes, fibroblast, leukocytes, macrophages, and platelets
32
S. aureus exfoliative toxins (ETA, ETB)
S. aureus toxins Serine protease that split the intercelluar bridges in the stratum granulosum epidermis
33
S. aureus toxins Serine protease that split the intercelluar bridges in the stratum granulosum epidermis
S. aureus exfoliative toxins (ETA, ETB)
34
S. aureus toxins Enterotoxins (A-R)
S. aureus toxin Superantigen ( stimulate proliferation of T cells and release of cytokines); stimulate release of inflammatory mediators in mast cell, increasing intestinal peristalsis and fluid loss, as well as nausea and vomiting
35
S. aureus toxin Superantigen ( stimulate proliferation of T cells and release of cytokines); stimulate release of inflammatory mediators in mast cell, increasing intestinal peristalsis and fluid loss, as well as nausea and vomiting
S. aureus toxins Enterotoxins (A-R)
36
S. aureus toxins Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1
S. aureus toxins Superantigen ( stimulate proliferation of T cells and release of cytokines); produces leakage or cellular destruction of endothelial cells
37
S. aureus toxins Superantigen ( stimulate proliferation of T cells and release of cytokines); produces leakage or cellular destruction of endothelial cells
S. aureus toxins Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1
38
S. aureus enzyme Coagulase
S. aureus enzyme Converts fibrinogen to fibrin
39
S. aureus enzyme Converts fibrinogen to fibrin
S. aureus enzyme Coagulase
40
S. aureus enzyme Hyaluronidase
S. aureus enzyme Hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid in connective tissue, promoting the spread of staphylococci in tissue
41
S. aureus enzyme Hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid in connective tissue, promoting the spread of staphylococci in tissue
S. aureus enzyme Hyaluronidase
42
S. aureus enzyme Fibrinolysin
S. aureus enzyme Dissolves fibrin clots
43
S. aureus enzyme Dissolves fibrin clots
S. aureus enzyme Fibrinolysin
44
S. aureus enzyme Lipases
S. aureus enzyme Hydrolyzes lipids
45
S. aureus enzyme Hydrolyzes lipids
S. aureus enzyme Lipases
46
S. aureus enzyme Nucleases
S. aureus enzyme Hydrolyzes DNA
47
S. aureus enzyme Hydrolyzes DNA
S. aureus enzyme Nucleases
48
Staphylococcus aureus | Biology
Catalase-positive, gram-positive cocci arranged in clusters, species characterized by the presence of coagulase, protein A, and species-specific ribitol teichoic acid with N acetylglucosamine residues( "polysaccharide A")
49
Catalase-positive, gram-positive cocci arranged in clusters, species characterized by the presence of coagulase, protein A, and species-specific ribitol teichoic acid with N acetylglucosamine residues( "polysaccharide A")
Staphylococcus aureus | Biology
50
Staphylococcus aureus | Virulence factors
Virulence factor include structural component that facilitate adherence to host tissue and avoid phagocytosis, and a variety of toxins and hydrolytic enzymes
51
Virulence factor include structural component that facilitate adherence to host tissue and avoid phagocytosis, and a variety of toxins and hydrolytic enzymes
Staphylococcus aureus | Virulence factors
52
Staphylococcus aureus | Diseases
Diseases include toxin-mediated diseases (food poisoning, TSS, scalded skin syndrome), pyogenic diseases (impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles, wound infections), and other systemic diseases Hospital- and community-acquired infections with MRSA are a significant worldwide problem
53
Diseases include toxin-mediated diseases (food poisoning, TSS, scalded skin syndrome), pyogenic diseases (impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles, wound infections), and other systemic diseases Hospital- and community-acquired infections with MRSA are a significant worldwide problem
Staphylococcus aureus | Diseases
54
Staphylococcus aureus | Epidemiology
Normal flora on human skin and mucosal surfaces Organisms can survive on dry surface for long periods (because of thickened peptidoglycan layer and absence of outer membrane Person-to-person spread through direct contact or exposure to contaminated fomites (e.g., bed linens, clothing)
55
Normal flora on human skin and mucosal surfaces Organisms can survive on dry surface for long periods (because of thickened peptidoglycan layer and absence of outer membrane Person-to-person spread through direct contact or exposure to contaminated fomites (e.g., bed linens, clothing)
Staphylococcus aureus | Epidemiology
56
Staphylococcus aureus Epidemiology Risk factors
Risk factors include presence of foreign body (e.g, splinter, suture, prosthesis, catheter), previous surgical procedure, and use of antibiotics that suppress the normal microbial flora
57
Risk factors include presence of foreign body (e.g, splinter, suture, prosthesis, catheter), previous surgical procedure, and use of antibiotics that suppress the normal microbial flora
Staphylococcus aureus Epidemiology Risk factors
58
Staphylococcus aureus Epidemiology Patients risk factors
Patients at risk for specific diseases include infants (skalded skin syndrom), young children with poor personal hygiene (impetigo and other cutaneous infections), menstruating women (TSS), patients with intravascular catheters (bacteremia and endocarditis) or shunts (meningitis) and patients with compromised pulmonary function or an antecedent viral respiratory infection( pneumonia)
59
Patients at risk for specific diseases include infants (skalded skin syndrom), young children with poor personal hygiene (impetigo and other cutaneous infections), menstruating women (TSS), patients with intravascular catheters (bacteremia and endocarditis) or shunts (meningitis) and patients with compromised pulmonary function or an antecedent viral respiratory infection( pneumonia)
Staphylococcus aureus Epidemiology Patients risk factors
60
Staphylococcus aureus | Diagnosis
Microscopy useful for pyogenic infections but not blood infections or toxin-mediated infections Staphylococci grow rapidly when cultured on nonselective media Selective media (e.g., mannitol-salt agar) can be used to recover S. aureus in contaminated specimens
61
Microscopy useful for pyogenic infections but not blood infections or toxin-mediated infections Staphylococci grow rapidly when cultured on nonselective media Selective media (e.g., mannitol-salt agar) can be used to recover S. aureus in contaminated specimens
Staphylococcus aureus | Diagnosis
62
Staphylococcus aureus | Treatment
Localized infections managed by incision and drainage; antibiotic therapy indicated for systemic infections
63
Localized infections managed by incision and drainage; antibiotic therapy indicated for systemic infections
Staphylococcus aureus | Treatment
64
Staphylococcus aureus | Empiric therapy
Empiric therapy should include antibiotics active MRSA strains. Oral therapy can include trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline or minocycline, clindamycin, or linezolid; vancomycin is drug of choice for intravenous theraphy, with daptomycin, tigecycline or linezolid acceptable alternatives
65
Empiric therapy should include antibiotics active MRSA strains. Oral therapy can include trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline or minocycline, clindamycin, or linezolid; vancomycin is drug of choice for intravenous theraphy, with daptomycin, tigecycline or linezolid acceptable alternatives
Staphylococcus aureus | Empiric therapy
66
Staphylococcus aureus | Control
Treatment is symtomatic for patients with food poisoning ( although the source of infection should be identified so that appropriate preventive procedures can be enacted) proper cleansing of wounds and use of disinfectant help prevent infections, thorough hand washing and covering of exposed skin helps medical personnel prevent infection or spread to other patients
67
Treatment is symtomatic for patients with food poisoning ( although the source of infection should be identified so that appropriate preventive procedures can be enacted) proper cleansing of wounds and use of disinfectant help prevent infections, thorough hand washing and covering of exposed skin helps medical personnel prevent infection or spread to other patients
Staphylococcus aureus | Control

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