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Microbiology > Staphylococcus Aureus > Flashcards

Staphylococcus Aureus Flashcards

1
Q

coagulase positive or negative

A

positive

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2
Q

coagulase

A

the ability to clot

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3
Q

pigment on agar

A

gold

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4
Q

alpha, beta, or gamma hemolytic

A

beta hemolytic

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5
Q

ferments….

A

manitol

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6
Q

what type of media is mannitol-salt agar

A

selective and differential

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7
Q

catalase positive or negative

A

positive

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8
Q

catalase

A

breaks down H2O2 produced during oxidative metabolism

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9
Q

beta lactamase positive or negative?

A

positive

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10
Q

beta lactamase

A

resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins

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11
Q

epidemiology

A

very contagious

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12
Q

reservoir

A

humans are nasal carriers
- may also colonize skin and mucous membranes

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13
Q

transmission

A

direct skin to skin contact
indirect contact via fomites
ingestion of contaminated

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14
Q

major virulence factors

A

capsule
catalase
exotoxins
coagulase
staphylolusin
leukocidin
protein A
hyaluronidase

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15
Q

catalase

A

neutralizes hydrogen peroxide
- counteracts phagocyte’s oxidative killing

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16
Q

capsule

A

composed of polysaccharides
- inhibit phagocytosis

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17
Q

staphylolysin

A

lysis red blood and white blood cells

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18
Q

enterotoxin

A

potent gastrointestinal toxin as well as super antigen activity

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19
Q

toxic shock syndrome toxin 1

A

act as a potent super antigen

20
Q

exfoliative toxin

A

an exotoxin that causes desquamation of the skin, weak superantigen activity

21
Q

protein A function

A

inhibits functions of antibodies
- does not allow binding to the virus

22
Q

hyaluronidase

A

degrades hyaluronic acid that cements cells together to promote spreading through tissues

23
Q

disease

A

skin diseases (including abscesses)
toxin-mediated :
- staphylococcal food poisoning
- scalded skin syndrome
- toxic shock syndrome

24
Q

infection

A

colonization

25
Q

intoxication

A

toxin production (outside of host)

26
Q

infection and intoxication

A

colonization and then toxin production (inside of host)

27
Q

pyogenic

A

pus producing

28
Q

pyogenic infections are characterized by the formation of an

A

abscess

29
Q

pathogenesis of S. aureus skin infections

A

enters through tiny break or opening in skin
replicates and releases virulence factors that damage tissue and body responds
inflammation (PMNs arrive and phagocytize bacteria and dead cells)
cavity forms filled with pus
cavity expands
local fibroblasts lay down fibrin around pus filled cavity
antibiotics alone can’t penetrate the abscess so it requires drainage

30
Q

folliculitis

A

infection of hair follicle
- resolves or progresses to furuncle

31
Q

furuncle

A

boil, large painful lesion that extends from hair follicle to surrounding tissues
- resolves or progresses to carbuncle

32
Q

carbuncle

A

multiple interconnected abscesses forming from the aggregation of furuncle
- requires debridement nad antibiotics

33
Q

impetigo

A

small flattened red patches -> pus filled vesicles -> rupture and crust over
- common among infants and young children
- itchy, highly contagious

34
Q

food poisoning

A

when it is caused by a toxin not an infection it is food poisoning
- symptoms: nausea and vomiting (NO FEVER)

35
Q

staph food poisoning is an example of

A

intoxication

36
Q

staphylococcal enterotoxin

A

can cause food intonation
- resistant to low pH
- heat stable
- superantigen activity

37
Q

why do you think blood cultures failed to isolate any pathogens

A

there were no bacteria in the blood samples because replicating bacteria were not causing the systemic disease

38
Q

toxic shock syndrome is an example of

A

infection and intoxication

39
Q

toxic shock syndrome

A

caused by toxic shock syndrome toxin 1
- incudes fever, vomiting, rash, and shock
- act as a potent super antigen
- causes 75% of all cases

40
Q

symptoms of toxic shock

A

abrupt onset of high fever
red erythematous (sunburn-like) rash
desquamation
hypotension -> multi system organ failure

41
Q

staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)

A

localized infection, systemic intoxication
- causes by exfoliative toxin (causes desquamation)
- weaker than TSS-1

42
Q

symtoms of SSSS

A

erythema (redness) followed by desquamation
no scarring
typically affects neonates and infants
potential complication

43
Q

potential complication of SSSS

A

a secondary infection of areas where the skin has peeled away

44
Q

management of staphylococcal infections

A

boils, carbuncles may require minor surgery to drain pus
antibiotic treatment often follows debridement

45
Q

staylococci produce

A

penicillinase ( a type of beta lactamase)

46
Q

methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA)

A

these strains are resistant to beta lactic antibiotic, being sensitive only to vancomycin
-associated with worse outcomes such as longer hospital and ICU stays and higher mortality rates

Microbiology (11 decks)

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