Stars

Question 0

Parallel

Answer 0

Apparent shift based off of background

Question 1

How many stars do we estimate?

Answer 1

Several 10’s of sextillion stars. (10^21)

More than all the grains of sand in the world

Question 2

Stefan-Boltzman Law

Answer 2

Luminosity= radius ^2 x temp^4

Helps estimate size
The larger the star the more energy

Question 3

Absorption Lines

Answer 3

Absence of color
Look thru cold gas like nitrogen
As a chemical element is fused/created the light it gives off is made only of that wavelength

Question 4

Emission lines

Answer 4

Series of a single color
Looked at directly
Dark bands represent where color would have been (elements)

Question 5

Elements show age of a star…

Answer 5

Lighter (H or He)= Early Stages
Heavier with H or He= middle aged
Concentration of heavier elements is strong, light is weak = end of star

Question 6

Stellar Spectra

Answer 6

Source of all detailed info.

Temp is main determiner

Question 7

Spectral classification

Answer 7

Based on temp, represented with letters then subdivisions using #

Lower #= hotter star
Hard to classify because they’re so distant and small

Question 8

All stars are created using this

Answer 8

Fusion

Question 9

What’s weird about Orion the hunter?

Answer 9

Different colors meaning different sizes

Question 10

Colors of stars/ letter classification… How do you remember this?

Answer 10

Electric Blue / O
Blue/ B
White blue/ white /A
Yellow White/ F
Yellow/ G
Orange/ K
Red/ M

Oh Be A Fine Guy Kiss Me
* arranged hottest to coolest*

Question 11

How many observable stars are in universe

Answer 11

Sextillion

Question 12

The color of a star is a good indicator of…

Answer 12

Temperature

Question 13

Another name for brightness is

Answer 13

Luminosity

Question 14

ARC seconds in one degree

Answer 14

3600

Question 15

Closest star to our sun is… How far is it?

Answer 15

Proxima Centauri

4.3 light years away

Question 16

Measures wether an object is moving towards is or away from us?

Answer 16

Doppler Shift

Red= away
Blue= towards

Question 17

When we see light from a star we are seeing this type of brightness

Answer 17

Apparent brightness

Question 18

What happens to the apparent brightness of a star the further you get from it?

Answer 18

It decreases

Question 19

True measure of a stars luminosity is called

Answer 19

Square

Question 20

The farther away you get from a star what happens to the absolute magnitude?

Answer 20

Nothing changes

Question 21

Color is used mainly to tell us this

Answer 21

Surface temperature

Question 22

Spectrum of a star can tell an astronomer this

Answer 22

Age

Question 23

Magnitude scale

Answer 23

Dates back to greek astronomers, brightest stars ^2 first magnitude
1-6 scale spans a factor around 100

Question 24

1 parasec is equal to..

Answer 24

3.3 light years

Question 25

A parasec is equal to ___ Au

Answer 25

200,000

Question 26

White dwarfs lay on the _____ of the HR diagram

Answer 26

Lower left

Question 27

Main sequence stars fuse ___ into ___ in their cores

Answer 27

Fuse hydrogen into helium in their cores

Question 28

Spectral type of a star measures it's

Answer 28

Temp

Question 29

HR diagram plots

Answer 29

Temps tyre verses luminosity

Question 30

White dwarfs are the size of

Answer 30

Earth

Question 31

Color index of a star directly tells us it's

Answer 31

Temp

Question 32

On the HR diagram our sun is found in the

Answer 32

Middle

Question 33

Main sequence of an HR diagram runs from...

Answer 33

Top left to bottom right

Question 34

Apparent magnitude

Answer 34

How far a star looks from earth

Question 35

Absolute magnitude

Answer 35

True measure of the stars appearance

Question 36

Absorption lines

Answer 36

Created when colors are missing in the stars spectrum

Question 37

Stars of the main sequence convert ___ into ___

Answer 37

Hydrogen into helium