Starter Questions Flashcards
(9 cards)
What is the issue with frameshift mutations
Incorrect amino acids are produced and that means it would become the incorrect protein
Why is it possible to substitute 1 base with another and still have the same protein
As some amino acids have more than 1 triplet code
How is a protein formed
A sequence of amino acids
What 2 processes occur during meiosis that lead to variation
Mitosis is a crossing over and independent assortment
What is the purpose of DNA replication
To replicate the cells DNA in preparation of cell division
What are the greater effect on protein s frameshift mutations or substitution? Why?
Changes the way DNA code is read
Why does crossing over increase variation?
Crossing over makes significant contribution to genetic variation between gametes because it moves alleles from one chromosome to another to produce gametes containing combinations of alleles that would not be possible without crossing over
Why does independent assortment increase variation?
Independent assortment is where the homologous chromosomes line up on the equator during meiosis 1 independently of the other chromosomes in the cell
As a result the gametes receive a random combination of paternal and maternal chromosomes when found. Independent assortment does not introduce new alleles into the population it only reshuffles those alleles within the organism
Why doses segregation increase variation?
Segregation is the separation of alleles for each gene into separate gametes
Segregation separates the alleles unchanged from how they were inherited
This allows for different combinations of chromosomes (as a result of independent assortment also)
Fertilisation restores chromosomes number to diploid by adding another set of chromosomes
