Stat 100

Question 1

Statistics (4)

Answer 1

1. Numerical facts
2. A calculation on a collection of values
3. A methodology for arranging data for decision making
4. Use probability to make decisions in the face of uncertainty

Question 2

Population

Answer 2

N

A collection of all possible individuals, objects, or measurements of interest.

Question 3

Sample

Answer 3

n

A selection of some of the population.

Question 4

Statistical variable

Answer 4

X

The quantity under study whose value fluctuates with chance.

Question 5

Data

Answer 5

The observed values of the statistical variable.

Question 6

Quantitative (or categorical) data

Answer 6

Non-numerical labels or categories called attributes

Question 7

Quantitative (or numerical) data

Answer 7

Numerical observations

Question 8

Discrete data

Answer 8

Counts; possible values of the variable are countable

Question 9

Continuous data

Answer 9

Measurements; can’t be measured exactly

Question 10

Descriptive statistics

Answer 10

Describing a collection of data

Question 11

Inferential statistics

Answer 11

Making a general conclusion on the population based on data taken from a sample

Question 12

Mutually exclusive

Answer 12

And observation can only fit in one category

Question 13

Exhaustive

Answer 13

All the data fits into the categories chosen

Question 14

Raw data

Answer 14

Small number of observations listed in an array

Question 15

Ungrouped frequency distribution

Answer 15

Used when there are many observations and few distinct values. Data is represented in a table with column X=distinct values and F=frequency of each value.

Question 16

Grouped frequency distribution

Answer 16

Used when there are many observations with many distinct values. Data is put into a table were values are arranged in classes and the frequency of each class is marked in another column.

Question 17

Relative frequency

Answer 17

The proportion, as a decimal fraction, of observations in a specific class or value.

Question 18

Relative frequency density

Answer 18

Relative frequency without dependency on class-size

Question 19

Mode

Answer 19

The value of the bear bowl that occurs most often. [May not be unique]

Question 20

Median

Answer 20

The value of the middle most observation

Question 21

F.S.A.R.U.

Answer 21

Formula
Substitution
Answer
Round off
Units

Question 22

Chebyshev’s theorem

Answer 22

The fraction of any data set that lies within K standard deviation of the mean is at least 1-(1/k•k)

Question 23

Standard score

Answer 23

Z

Measures the distance that an observation is from the mean units of standard deviation’s

Question 24

Permutations

Answer 24

The number of possible arrangements when order matters

Question 25

Combinations

Answer 25

The number of possible arrangements when I order does not matter

Question 26

Contingency table

Answer 26

A table that cross tabulates a data rate where the outcome consists of two factors.

Question 27

Joint frequencies

Answer 27

Outcomes with two attributes

Question 28

Marginal frequencies

Answer 28

Outcomes with one attribute

Question 29

Set

Answer 29

A collection of elements

Question 30

Element

Answer 30

Object

Question 31

Compliment

Answer 31

A set of all events that are not included in another set

Question 32

Joint events

Answer 32

Elements that occurred in more than one set

Question 33

Union of events

Answer 33

Elements that occur in at least one of the said sets

Question 34

Probability distribution

Answer 34

The probabilities of all possible outcomes of a random variable

Question 35

Discrete probability distribution

Answer 35

List all possible values of the variable together with their probability. [When observations results from a count].

Question 36

Continuous probability distribution

Answer 36

Models situations where the variable is measured and not counted, hence it is in accurate.

Question 37

Standard normal curve

Answer 37

A normal curve with the horizontal axis being it is Z score.

Question 38

Continuity correction

Answer 38

When calculating P(x) in a binomial distribution with measured values a value of X=1 must be converted to 0.5