state and nation-building Flashcards
(88 cards)
1
Q
between 893-1066, the vikings, which kingdom?
A
Denmark,norway,sweden
2
Q
in early Norway history, what there a succession law?
A
no, needed back by the church
3
Q
when did Norway became an hereditary monarchy?
A
1260
4
Q
the king of sweden inherited the crown of Norway when?
A
1319
5
Q
what does primogeniture mean
A
the firstborn legitimate son inherite the thrown
6
Q
what time period was the old commonwealth of Iceland
A
930-1262
7
Q
Iceland was settled by which people
A
Norwegian
8
Q
what did the ruling chief establish in early Iceland
A
Althing- one of the oldest parliament
9
Q
why did Iceland accept the sovereignty of Norway?
A
because of conflict between clans (they were weakened by it
10
Q
when did Iceland accept the sovereignty of Norway?
A
1262-1944
11
Q
when did Denmark founded
A
9th century
12
Q
until when Denmark an elective monarchy
A
1660
13
Q
the monarch (elected) in Denmark was subjected to what?
A
sign a coronation charter. imposed certain restrictions
14
Q
how formed the danish diet (3 estate )
A
nobility
clergy
burghers
15
Q
swedish state-building was marked by..
A
civil war; (1130-1230) between the house of Erik and the house of sverker. tried to conquer both side of the Gulf of Bothnia
16
Q
how did Finland incorporate sweden
A
participation of the Finland representative in sweden elective of king
17
Q
when did Finland incorporate sweden
A
1362
18
Q
until when sweden remains elective monarchy
A
1544
19
Q
what were the 4 estate of the swedish diet
A
clergy
burghers
farmers
nobility
20
Q
when was the kalmar union
A
1397-1523
21
Q
who benefited of duties on traffic to and from the Baltic Sea
A
Denmark
22
Q
what was the kalmar union
A
treaty; joined under 1 monarch the 3 kings (Denmark, sweden-finland, Norway-iceland)- to block German expansion
23
Q
who ruled the kalmar union
A
Denmark
24
Q
what was the main reason why kalmar state fail
A
struggle between danish and swedish noble (didn’t want a strong state) and the monarch (wanted a strong state)
25
what strengthed the monarch during the kalmar union
religious unity; Lutheranism
26
what religious aspect of early nation-building
anti-catholicism, identity
27
what was the official breakup of the karmar union
the election of the sweden king 1523
28
when Norway became danish province
around the end of the kalmar union
29
which countries were in war in 1523-1814
sweden and denmark-norway
30
dates the the vast swedish empire
1560-1720
31
what was the great northern war
between sweden and Russia for baltic control 1700-1720. sweden lost. +lost territory
32
what led to the defeat of Denmark
10 bloody wars between 1520-1720 against sweden. hegemony over.
33
what saved Denmark
geographical situation
34
what happened in 1660 in Denmark
alliance between the burghers and king to create hereditary monarchy= absolutism until 1849
35
when was the constitution of Denmark that made them a constitutional monarchy
1849
36
what is the diet in sweden
dominant organs to legislative and financial matter= strong estate rule weak monarchy. dominated by high nobility
37
what is the age of liberty sweden
diet laid down constitutional foundations of rule by the estate. resemble a type of parliamentarianism
38
when was absolutism in sweden
1680-1718, 1772-1809
39
what pushed sweden into a more democratic way (end of absolutism)
the defeat of the war against Russia 1700-20 ( the great nordic war)
40
what brought back absolutism in sweden
2 coup d état of Gustav 3: 1772 and 1789
41
what is the difference between west and east europe absolutism
w= free class peasant with powerful cities
e= over serf (colon genre sur seigneury) and ruled over cities
42
what is the difference between west and east europe economy
w= state-building based on capitalism
e= exploit peasant
Sweden and Denmark mixed=
s= weak towns free peasantry
d= strong town peasant in serfdom
43
absolutism in sweden and Denmark was based on..
s= coalition of king with peasants against noble aristocracy
d= coalition of king with burghers against noble aristocracy
44
French Revolution+ napoleonic wars:
s= lost Finland to russia
d= lost Norway to sweden
45
what did the French revolution did for Norway Iceland and Finland
national and democratic revolutions, process and struggle for national independence
46
Finland was in Russia since...
1809
47
in 1814 there where...
4 states, Norway and Finland states cause of alliance in napoleonic wars
48
what triggered reform in sweden1809
lost Finland to russia lost war
49
the diet of sweden 1809 chose..
new king and new constitution
50
in 1866, Sweden,
new constitution replaced the diet with bicameral parliament Riksdag
51
Norway self determination
1814, quick battle but convention of moss 1814 ; two state confederacy act of union. constitutional monarchy+ home rule Norway
52
what is the new constituent assembly in Norway
storting
53
Norway nation building early
flag, national anthem
54
national mobilization Norway for state-building 2 dimensions:
1/ struggle for independence from D ( against linguistic standard, this is a central role)
2/ struggle or political independence from sweden (for foreign affairs)
55
when was Norway independence
1905 peacefully, vote to chose monarchy or republic
56
Finland indepence in 2 dimensions:
1/ cultural battle against elite swedish speaking
2/ political battle against russia
57
what is Fennomania
the cultivation of indigenous Finnish language called upon the educated classes to abandon swedish entirely and take finnish as official languages
58
did russia agree with fennomania
yea cause decrease swedish attachment
59
1863 Finland=
1883 Finland=
-russia made Finnish the official language
-swedish becasue coequal with Finnish
60
when was independence Finland
1917
61
Finland date (constitution)
1919
62
what did the Russian revolution of 1905 did to Finland
triggered democratization of power to elect parliament. replace the 4 estate by unicameral parliament. both women and men could vote
63
breakdown of the Romanov empire=
independence of Finland
64
independence finland created
civil war, ideological war: red (for soviet) vs white Finnish
65
what did finland constitution brought
1/ official bilingual country
2/ republic with strong president semi-presidential regime
66
end of absolutism in Denmark
constitutional monarchy 1849
67
constitutional monarchy 1849 in Denmark led to
schleswig 1 and 2. fight over this area to see if it should be in Germany or Denmark. ended with 1864 almost end of Denmark saved by outsiders for geography reasons
68
did Iceland maintain strong cultural identity until its independence
yes, of independence focus on political aspect
69
3 step to independamncde of Iceland:
1/ foundation of a new Althing as consultation assembly 1843, 1874 constitution lead to= 1904 Home rule
2/ Denmark recognize Iceland as independent, act of union. cut communication with danish 1940 German invation, uk and usa.
3/ 2 constitutional referendum 1944= ended act union and created republic.
70
what are 3 territories in nordic
åland (1920 in Finland )
the faeroe island (Denmark )
Greenland (Denmark )
71
what are the 4 thresholds for mass incorporation in democratic politics
1/ legitimacy: freedom of assembly, expression, organization
2/ pop right to participation free election, universal suffrage
3/ voter fairly represented in political institution
4/ citizen influence must extend to the executive
72
nation-building is only completed when...
the whole adult population become part of the polity and a democratic system is established
73
what is the principal-agent theory
adresses the instance where the agent can be corrupt within the principal-agent dynamic
74
what is a critic of the principal-agent theory
principal= BENEVOLANT?
in corrupt state, principal are the ones earning from corruption
75
what is the collection action problem in corruption
you corrupt cause you see others as corrupted. social trap, lack of mutual trust
76
what were in sweden characteristic of bureaucracy bad that were changed by lost the war
1. requirement higher offices not merit based
2. purchase of offices
3. no proper wages, increase corruption incentive
4. weak legal code
77
what were the 4 type of malfeasance
embezzlement
Misconduct (most cases)
third party abuses
fraud/forgery
78
what the paper agues about the changes in sweden
losing big time= trigger behaviour changes, esp.political elites
79
what does the set of reform in sweden between 1855-1875 called
big bang
80
what is the endogenous theory of institutional change
motivate people to get their act together and grip with their dysfunction situation. clear sign between exdogenius and endogenous factor. swedish political elite view that changes crucial to counter CAP of corruption
81
what is the proposed solution of the corruption problem
-common pool resources: the fish story, allocation of resources
82
what is an other view to explain other puzzles linked to CAP
-Behavioural theory of rational action (BT):
1.problem of supply
2.problem of credible commitment
3.probelm of mutual monitoring
83
cooperation becomes more likely as..
payoff of collective good increases. so to be possible, new ideas must underline the possibility of a better world
84
3 things change after sweden lost finland
1. sweden as independent state was at stake
2. military defeat was attributed to incompetence of officers (not merit based, patrimonial system of recruitment and promotion
3. clear need of new start
85
what is the accord system
pay money to hold a position, pension system to resolve that
86
changes in ideas in sweden lead by 3 things
1. high degree of press freedom
2. estate bughers (dominated local judges+civil servant) more liberal capitalist
3. peasant less bribed by kings, and allies themselves with burghers
87
changes in ideas in sweden helped by 3 things
1. already fair court system
2. ideological; rise of liberalism 1830s
3. event (lost war against russia)
88
sides of the nordic countries in WW2
D= occupied 1940
s=neutral but authorized German to take resources
I=occupied by US and UK
F=allies with Germany against russia
N= occupied, gov cooperated with German but had strong resistance
