state exam Flashcards
(149 cards)
1
Q
hirudo medicinalis
A
leech widens veins,numbs arount bit, makes blood not coagulate (clot)
2
Q
what are leeches used for present day?
A
microsurgical replantation (stick skin together)
3
Q
plebotomy present day
A
1.blood donations
2.polycythemia:excess blood
3. monitoring treatment
4
Q
active listening
A
repeating what patient said in your own words. letting pt. know your listening
5
Q
proxemics
A
appearance,touch (use of space)
6
Q
CLIA
A
Clinical Laboratory Improvements Amendment 1988
7
Q
quality control
A
checking equipment is properly working
8
Q
quality assurance
A
phlebotomist doing what they are supposed to
9
Q
what color are veins
A
blue
10
Q
what color are arteries
A
red
11
Q
what is blood pressure
A
pressure exerted on the walls of the lumen(vein) at any time
12
Q
what is venipuncture
A
puncture of a vein only on the median cubital fossa
13
Q
what is a capillary
A
artery turns into a vein
14
Q
what color is arteriole blood
A
bright red
15
Q
what are varicose veins
A
veins with damaged valves
16
Q
why should you never fish for a vein
A
dangerous and can cause damage
17
Q
what are erythrocytes and what do they do?
A
red blood cells that carry oxygen and contain hemoglobin
18
Q
what are Leukocytes and what do they do
A
white blood cells that contain antibodies to fight infection
19
Q
plasma contains
A
fibrinogen
20
Q
what’s centerfused blood
A
spin blood that separates your red blood cells, platelets and plasma
21
Q
how does centerfused blood look like
A
the white blood cells look like cotton that are called buffy coat
22
Q
why does an enlarged buffy coat happen
A
because of an infection .the white cells multiply trying to fight off an infection
23
Q
hemostasis
A
stoppage of bleeding
24
Q
how long does blood take to begin to clot
A
35-45 seconds
25
phlebotomy tray includes supplies for how many patients
1 patient
26
phlebotomy cart contains supplies for
an entire day
27
inpatient
patient that has been in the facility more than 24 hourso
28
outpatient
patient that has been in facility for less than 24 hours
29
how tight should tournequet be
tight to stop Venus flow but to allow arterial flow
30
vein finder should be used on who
pediatric patients
31
what are 4 skin antiseptics
- isopropyl alcohol %70
-povidone-iodine solution
-chlorhexidine gluconate
-soap and water
32
what shouldnt you use to sanitize patients doing a blood alcohol test
%70 isopropyl alcohol
33
whats povidone iodine solution
antiseptic used as an alternative to isopropyl. doesn't contain alcohol but is a common allergen
34
what's chlorhexidine gluconate
a skin corrosive antiseptic that needs to be washed off asap. Is a alternative to isopropyl and povidone iodine
35
how do you clean area of insertion
clean in circles going outward 2-3 in in diameter. air-dry for at least 30 seconds
36
how often can you use hand sanitizer
every 2 patients or unless visibley soiled
37
shaft
length of needle
38
normal adult draw needle
21 1/2 needle
39
pediatric draw needle
23g butterfly
40
geriatric draw needle
23g butterfly
41
what does a butterfly tube do
reduces force not amount of suction
42
blood to additive ratio
9:1
43
never use bandages on what kind of patients
2yrs or younger
44
what does a evacuated tube system contain
-needle
-tube
-tube holder
(assembled)
45
two types of additives
anti-coagulats , clot activatos
46
4 anti coagulants
1 EDTA
2 citrates
3 heparin
4 oxalates
47
clot activators
1 glass (silica) particles
2 insert clay (celiae)
3 clotting factors (thrombin)
48
BNP
lavender
49
BUN
gold
50
GTT
mint/ light green
51
PT
light blue
52
removed bracelet
inform nurse to replace it. cannot continue draw otherwise
53
only person who can consent for mentally incapacitated patient
their nurse
54
ischemia
pain when cells are being starved of oxygen
55
troponin level test
rules out heart attack
56
occluded
blocked
57
mastectomy
draw from opposite side
58
Bp cuff can be used to find the vein how
inflated in the middle of systolic and diastolic BP (very dangerous)
59
patient must not pump first
avoids hemoconcentration
60
accidental artery puncture apply pressure how long
10 min
61
regular withdrawl apply pressure how long
30-45 seconds
62
orders of draw should a phlebotomist use for venipuncture collection?
Sodium citrate, SST, sodium heparin, EDTA
63
what does OSHA stand for
occupational safety and health administration
64
what is OSHA responsible for
addresses issues related to handling,mixing,storing and disposing of products
65
2hour postprandial glucose test. Which of the following should be recognized as a panic value?
55mg/dL
66
CBC, chemistry panel, lead, and a toxicology screen via capillary puncture. Which of the following should be collected first?
lavender top tube
67
patient who is semi-conscious
awaken patient
68
2 mL of blood is drawn for a culture from an adult patient using the syringe method, which of the following actions should be performed?
fill both anaerobic and aerobic culture bottles
69
Blood grouping and typing tests must be collected in a tube with which of the following colored stoppers?
red/no addative
70
avoid using a site with broken skin integrity during venipuncture for which of the following reasons:
increased risk of infection
71
light blueHow many times should an evacuated tube containing EDTA be inverted for adequate mixing of the blood with anticoagulant?
8-10 inversions
72
Because of the time between collection and plasma separation, which of the following must a phlebotomist do?
centrifuse
73
bilirubin test
the specimen should be kept away from direct light
74
NIOSH-certified N95 or higher level mask should be worn when entering what type of isolation room?
airborne
75
physician's office provide to a phlebotomist for laboratory specimen collection?
Laboratory requisition form
76
caused by excessive shaking of a tube?
hemolysis
77
CBC and PT/INR. Which of the following collection tubes should the phlebotomist draw first?
light blue
78
BUN
gold
79
BUN
gold
80
GTT
mint/lightgreen
81
PT
light blue
82
blood culture additive
Sodium polyanethol sulfonate
83
must be kept warm until it is delivered to the laboratory for separation?
cyroglobulin
84
a blood transfer device with which of the following methods of blood collection?
syringe
84
actions should a phlebotomist take to comply with guidelines for a CLIA-waived procedure?
document quality control results
84
contact isolation precautions. What is PPE, other than the standard gloves, would be required?
gown
85
wearing a face shield when coming into contact with body fluids, a phlebotomist is preventing exposure by which of the following modes of transmission?
permucosal
86
collection of the last specimen collection tube, which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take next?
Disengage the tube from the collection set
87
practices should a phlebotomist follow to help monitor the volumes of blood collected in pediatric patients?
maintain updated log of blood draw
88
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Which of the following pieces of equipment is required?
n95 mask
89
How often should a phlebotomist perform quality control checks on glucose monitor?
once per day
90
components is needed for hemostasis to take place?
thrombocytes
91
After centrifuging, a green top tube yields a specimen of
plasma
92
How many times should an EDTA tube be inverted after blood collection?
8-10
93
handing an ammonia specimen?
transport on ice
94
following information must a phlebotomist include on the label of a venipuncture specimen?
time of venipuncture,patients I'd number,phlebotomist initials
95
required on a chain of custody form after a urine drug screen?
patient signature
96
actions should a phlebotomist take after collecting blood Into a serum separation tube? sst
invert 5-8 times
97
98
EDTA in the collection tube indicates
plasma
99
processes occurs after a venipuncture to control the bleeding?
hemostasis ( stoppage of bleeding)
100
equipment for an ordered comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP)
tourniquet, multi-sample needle, collection tube
101
Drawing a patient's blood without consent can result in a charge of what?
battery
102
cmp tube
gold
103
cbc
lavender
104
pieces of equipment does a phlebotomist need to perform a butterfly needle collection?
tube holder
105
report of laboratory results is required to have which of the following information?
date of specimen collected
106
blood tests is appropriate for a fasting specimen?
Glucose (blood sugar) and triglycerides(measures the amount of a fat in your blood called triglycerides)
107
phlebotomist is preparing to obtain a venous blood sample using the syringe method. Which of the following supplies should the phlebotomist include with their phlebotomy equipment?
blood transfer device
108
methods of reporting results by a clinical laboratory abides by the recommended standards set by the joint commission?
faxed report from the clinical laboratory technician to the physician
109
a tube is not inverted correctly after collection, it may cause:
false test results
110
actions is appropriate when transporting a specimen for ABG analysis?
placing specimen on ice cream
111
abgs
ammonia; lactic acid; pyruvate; glucagon; gastrin; adrenocorticotropic hormone; parathyroid hormone.
112
lactic acid
light sensitive
113
hard cordlike veins
Scleroderma veins
114
twisted, elongated, and dilated veins that have lost their normal shape and structure.
Tortuous veins
115
occurs when blood clots block veins or arteries.
thrombosed veins
116
non-blood specimen that is delivered to the laboratory should have which of the following information included?
specimen source
117
how should you hold a butterfly needle
by the wings
118
Venesection?
cutting out a section of a vein
119
clinical laboratory improvement act NOT set requirements for?
radiologist
120
clinical laboratory improvement act NOT set requirements for?
Remove blood for transfusions at donor center
Remove blood for therapeutic purposes
Correct!
Obtain blood for diagnostic purposes & monitor treatment
121
HIPAA?
Patients information must be kept private
Phlebotomist must not discuss patient information in open areas
Safeguards confidentiality of protected health info
122
pathogenic means
likely to be productive disease
123
How many times should a tube be inverted?
5-8
124
Coagulation of blood takes approximately
30-45 sec
125
function of the circulatory system?
carry oxygen to tissue cells
126
Urine sample must be refrigerated after how long
immediately
127
Scarred or burned areas should be avoided as blood collection sites because
circulation usually impaired
128
needle that has gone through the back wall of the vein may cause:
blood to enter tube slowly or not at all
129
PPE should a phlebotomist use when drawing a patient with a cough?
gloves
mask
face shield
130
antibiotic sensitivity test determines which antibiotics:
effective against a particular microbe.
131
recommended procedure for collecting 24-hour urine specimen?
Discard the first morning specimen, start timing, collect all urine for 24 hours including the next morning specimen.
132
phlegm or mucous ejected from trachea, bronchi, and lungs
sputum
133
Arterial puncture site selection is based on the:
existence of collateral circulation
134
phlebotomist knows that the vagal-vaso response may case a patient to?
faint
135
hemolysis
destruction of blood
136
The phlebotomist should take the specimen temperature at which of the following times following collection
at 5 min
137
locations should a phlebotomist directly dispose of a contaminated microscope slide?
red sharps container
138
Beta-Carotine
light sensitive
139
location for heel sticks is
Medial or lateral borders of the plantar surface.
140
urine drug screening performed detect?
Recreational drugs
Anabolic steroids
Prescription drugs
141
outer layer of a vein called?
Tunica Adventitia
142
Hematoma is caused by what factor?
Excessive lateral redirection of needle
Inserting needle to deep or quickly
Improper site or vein selection
143
arteries carry?
oxygenated blood
144
How many layers does a blood vessel have?
3
145
name of the layer in vessels which has valves to prevent blood backflow?
tunica intima
146
Vesoconstriction
vessels narrow to prevent blood loss
147
fluid portion of the blood remaining after clotting?
serum
