State of Matter Flashcards
How are atoms in a solid arranged?
The atom particles are packed closely in an orderly manner where they vibrate in a fixed position
How are atoms in a liquid arranged?
Packed closely but not in an orderly manner, they can vibrate, rotate and move throughout liquid
How are atoms in a gas arranged
Particles are far apart and in a random arrangement as they move freely and randomly
Difference in energy content and forces of attraction between Solid, Liquid and Gas?
Solid: Strong forces of attraction btwn particles
Low energy content
Liquid: Moderate force of attraction btwn particles
Moderate energy content
Gas: Weak force of attraction btwn particles
High energy content
Difference between the volume, shape and compression of Solid, Liquid and Gas?
Solid: Fixed volume & shape
Cannot be compressed
Liquid: Fixed volume but not fixed shape
Cannot be compressed
Gas: No fixed volume or shape
Can be compressed
Solid to Gas?
Gas to Solid?
Solid to Gas= Sublimation
Gas to Solid= Deposition
Heating curve:-
Why is the temperature constant in the process of boiling & melting?
Heat energy absorbed overcomes force of attraction between particles
Cooling curve:-
Why is temperature constant in the process of freezing?
Heat released is balanced by heat lost to surrounding
Kinetic Theory?
Temperature increases, particle gains kinetic energy and moves faster, collides more often with greater force and moves constantly & randomly
Diffusion Theory?
Particles move in random motion, collide, bounce & spread from region of high concentration to low concentration
What is Diffusion affected by? 3 answ
1) Temperature
Higher = faster as they gain kinetic energy
2) Molecular Mass
Lower= Higher diffusion rate
3) State of Matter (it depends not ‘affected’)
More intermolecular = higher rate of diffusion
Evaporation/Boiling process
When water is heated, it evaporates. The molecules move and vibrate so quickly that they escape into the atmosphere as water vapour due to breaking the intermolecular bond at the surface
