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states of consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

consciousness

A

awareness of internal and external stimuli

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2
Q

biological rhythms

A

internal rhythms of biological activity

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3
Q

circadian rhythm

A

biological rhythm that takes place over a period of about 24 hours

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4
Q

biological clock (innate timing device)

A

comprised of specific molecules (proteins) that interact in cells throughout the body

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5
Q

homeostasis

A

tendency to maintain a balance within a biological system

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6
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

A
  • brain clock mechanism is located in an area of the hypothalamus known as the ___
  • axons of light sensitive neurons in the retina provide info to the SCN based on the amount of light present which allows the internal clock to be synced with the outside world
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7
Q

melatonin

A

important regulator of the sleep-wake cycle

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8
Q

pineal gland

A
  • endocrine structure located inside the brain that releases melatonin
  • thought to be involved in the regulation of various biological rhythms and of the immune system during sleep
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9
Q

zeitgebers

A

(external cues) such as light, atmospheric conditions, temperature, and social interactions to set the appropriate biological clock

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10
Q

chronotype

A

individual differences in circadian patterns of activity

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11
Q

sleep regulation

A

brain’s control of switching between sleep and wakefulness

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12
Q

frontal lobe

A

important for executive functions, motor control, language production, and emotion management

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13
Q

parietal lobe

A

important for organization of multi-sensory information, mapping and navigating the spatial world, and basic math abilities

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14
Q

occipital lobe

A

organization and processing visual info: shape, color, movement, and depth

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15
Q

temporal lobe

A

important for forming long-term memories, hearing, speech comprehension, and object recognition

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16
Q

blindsight

A

visual info from the eye is being processed unconsciously so people with blindsight don’t know that they are visually processing

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17
Q

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

A

procedure used to stimulate neurons in the brain

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18
Q

rotating shift work

A

work schedule that changes from early to late on a daily or weekly basis

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19
Q

sleep debt

A

lack of sleep due to the cumulative effect of not getting enough sleep

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20
Q

what does blindsight reveal about unconsciousness?

A

vision can still take place in secondary visual pathways below the level of consciousness

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21
Q

consciousness

A

awareness of internal and external stimuli

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22
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

discipline that studies how universal patterns of behavior and cognitive processes have evolved over time as a result of natural selection

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23
Q

pituitary gland

A

secretes the growth hormone while we sleep

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24
Q

hypothalamus and thalamus

A

control slow wave sleep

  • thalamus: plays a role in awareness and regulating arousal
  • hypothalamus: coordinates circadian rhythm
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25
melatonin
hormone secreted by the pineal gland that plays a role in regulating biological rhythms and immune function
26
slow wave
appears to be especially important for enhanced performance on recently learned tasks
27
sleep rebound
sleep-deprived individuals will experience longer sleep latencies during subsequent opportunities for sleep
28
stage 1 sleep
mainly alpha and some theta waves, transitional phase between wakefulness and sleep
29
stage 2 sleep
NREM theta waves (sleep spindles and K complexes), deep relaxation
30
stage 3 sleep
NREM delta waves, deep sleep and slow-wave sleep because low frequency
31
manifest content
actual content (storyline) of a dream
32
latent content
hidden meaning of a dream
33
collective unconscious
theoretical repository of information shared by everyone
34
carl jung
collective unconscious
35
rosalind cartwright
dreams reflect life events important to the dreamer
36
alan hobson
activation synthesis theory of dreaming: our brain attempting to make sense of neural activity
37
threat simulation theory
dreaming is an ancient biological defense mechanism
38
expectation fulfillment theory
dreaming serves to discharge emotional arousals that weren't expressed during the day
39
activation synthesis theory
dreams mean nothing and they are our brain's interpretation of the random firing of neurons in our brainstem
40
continual activation theory
dreaming is a result of brain activation and synthesis
41
NREM sleep
processes the conscious related memory (declarative memory)
42
REM sleep
processes the unconscious related memory (procedural memory)
43
parasomnia
group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep play a role (sleepwalking, restless leg syndrome, and night terror)
44
somnambulism
sleep walking
45
REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)
muscle paralysis associated with the REM sleep phase does not occur, high levels of physical activity during REM sleep
46
cognitive behavioral therapy
can help sufferers of insomnia, focuses on cognitive processes and problem behaviors
47
sleep apnea
- obstructive: airways become blocked during sleep | - central: disruption in brain signals = causes periods of interrupted breathing
48
cataplexy
sudden temporary paralysis of muscles and is associated with narcolepsy
49
narcolepsy
can use amphetamine-like medications for treatment
50
dependence
- physical: changes in body functions and indicated by withdrawal (have to keep taking to avoid symptoms) and can build up a tolerance - psychological: emotional need
51
psychoactive drugs
occur through their interactions with our endogenous neurotransmitter systems
52
depressants
decreased heart rate; alcohol; addictive; low dose=relaxation and high dose=sleep/memory loss; depressing effect (slow down) on central nervous system (CNS); treat anxiety and insomnia
53
stimulants
increased heart rate; cocaine; addictive; low dose=alert/euphoria and high dose=paranoia/agitation; excite the central nervous system
54
hallucinogens
increased heart rate; weed/LSD; addictive; perception changes
55
low dose alc (BAC .03%-.12%)
loses inhibitions and relaxation
56
moderate dose alc (BAC .09%-.30%)
affects emotional centers of midbrain and impaired motor reactions
57
high dose alc (BAC .25%-.50%)
dizziness, nausea, and unconscious
58
hypnosis
state of extreme self focus and attention in which minimal attention is given to external stimuli
59
meditation
clearing the mind in order to achieve a state of relaxed awareness and focus
60
experiencing withdrawal _________
doesn't mean you are abusing a drug
61
opioids
heroin; particularly addictive effects on people because of effect on pain centers of brain
62
antipsychotic
drugs that help alleviation of psychotic symptoms; helps schizophrenia

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