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states of matter 03 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is density?

A

Density of a substance is defined as its mass per unit volume

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2
Q

how do you calculate density?

A

density, p (kg/m^3)= mass( kg )/volume( m^3)

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3
Q

Show 2 other ways to rearange the equation for density

A

m = pV or V = m/p

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4
Q

What object float in water?

A

Objects that have lower density than water ( i.e. <1000 kg/m^3) float in water.

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5
Q

State 3 things about solids:

A
  • Particles are very close togheter
  • Particles arranged in regular pattern
  • Particles vibrate but do not move from place to place
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6
Q

State 3 things about liquids:

A
  • Particles close togheter
  • Particles not arranged in regular pattern
  • Particles can flow around each other
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7
Q

State 3 things about gas:

A
  • Particles very far apart
  • Particles not arranged in any pattern
  • They are moving around very rapidly
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8
Q

how dense are solids and why?

A

Solid usually have a very high density, and this is due to the particles being so closely packed toghether.

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9
Q

density of liguids

A

liguids usually have high density

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10
Q

density of gas

A

gases have a low density

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11
Q

what are exeptions for density of solids

A

Polystyrene is a solid but it has a low density bue to it having a lot of free spaces for air.

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12
Q

What is a Regular object?

A

Regular objects have dimensions which are easy to measure e.g. with ruler

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13
Q

What is an Irregular object?

A

Irregular objects we cannot easily measure thier dimension e.g. base

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14
Q

state how to find a density of a regular object?

A
  1. Determine the mass using a balance
    2.To find volume we measure each side and calculate volume
    3.Then just put it into a calculations
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15
Q

sate how to find a density of an irregular object?

A
  1. Find mass of the object using balance
    2.Fill a Eurika can with water
    3.Place object into the water.This will cause water to be displaced and flow out of the can thought the spout.
    4.Measure the volume of water displaced.This volume is the same as the volume of the object.
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16
Q

What happends to the mass of substance when it changes its state?

A

Mass of substance is conserved even when it change its state.

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17
Q

Explain why mass of a substance is conserved when t changes its state?

A

When a substance changes stae the number of particles in the substance stays unchanged,So the mass of the substance after the change of state is the same as the mass of the substance before the change of state.

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18
Q

Gas to Solid is …, Solid to Gas is …..

A

1) cooling (deposition) 2)Sublimation(heat)

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19
Q

Solid to Liquid …, Liquids to Solids…,

A

1) Melting(heat), 2)Solidifying or freezing(cool)

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20
Q

Liquids to Gases…., Gases to Liqiuds…

A

1)Condensation(cool) 2)Vapourising(heat)

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21
Q

does temp changes when the substance is changing its state?

A

For any pure substance undergoing a change of state, its tempretures stays the same while the change of state is taking place

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22
Q

Boiling/Condensation - ________ point, Melting/Freezing - _______point

A

1)Boiling point 2)Melting point

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23
Q

What is latent heat

A

The energy transfered to a substance when it changes its state is called latent heat.

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24
Q

Specific latent heat

A

The Specific latent heat of a substance is the amount of energy needed to change the state of one kg of the substance with no change in tempreture.

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25
how to measure SLH of ice
The SLH of ice can be measured using a low - voltage heater to melt the ice (or to biol the water)
26
what is an internal energy
The internal energy is the total amount of kinetic energy and chemical potential energy of all the particles in the system
27
sublimation is
when solid goes directly to gas
28
Evapuration is
when liquid turns into a gas but only on the surface of a liquid, in this case only particles on surface have enough energy to turn into a gas thi is called "dry ice"(solid CO^2)
29
what does increasing temp of the of a substance do to internal energy
it increases it
30
what happens to the potential energy of the particles when it boils or melts
it increases
31
what causes the pressure of a gas on surface
The particles of the gas repetedly hitting the surface
32
what does heating a system does energy
- Heating increases the energy that the particles have - This increases the internal energy = This either raises the tempreture of a system = Or produces a change of state
33
energy is absorbed when
melting or evapurating
34
energy is released when
freezing and condensing
35
which state flows
liquid and solid
36
which states is fixed shape
solid
37
which states is fixed volume
solids and liqiuds
38
state the density of the states
solid = high liqiuds = med gas = low
39
state the energy of particles
solids = low liqiuds = med gas = high
40
state the particle movemet
solids = vibrate liqiuds = flow gas = rapid
41
states the forces between particles
solid = high liqiuds = med gases = low
42
What is the SLH of vaporisation
The SLH of vaporisation of a subsatnce is the energy needed to change 1 kg from liquid to vapour at its boiling point (without change in temp)
43
What happens to gas pressure in a sealed container if tempreture increase and why
the average kinetic energy increases as does velocity of the gas particles hitting the walls of the container
44
What is the formula for Boyle's Law
Pressure * Volume = constant
45
What happens to the pressure in gas if its volume is decreased? Why?
It is increased due to more molecules impact per second on the surface
46
Boyle's law
P1V1 = P2V2
47
rearange it to fing P1
P1 = P2V2 / V1
48
particles motion as the temp increases
As a gas heats,it gains energy and the speed of the particles increase.Particlesmove randomly in all directions
49
Why does balloons get bigger when you blow them
is because more air means more particles .More particles means more collisons with the walls of balloon.More collisons means a higher force on the walls of the balloon,which means a higher pressure.
50
what is the graph of pressure against volume looks like
it is inversly proportional
51
what is the graph of pressure against temp looks like
it is directly proportional
52
1 g/cm^3
1000 kg/m^3
53
Which of these methods are used to reduce the uncertainty in experimental measurements of density?
Take multiple measurements and calculate the mean When measuring the density of liquids, use a larger volume of liquid
54
How to calculate the density of a solid experimentally:
1. Measure the mass of the solid using a balance. 2. If the shape is regular, measure the volume of the solid using geometry. 3. If the shape is irregular, measure the volume of the solid by adding it to a Eureka can filled with water. This will cause a volume of water exactly equal to the volume of the solid to flow into the measuring cylinder. 4. Use the formula to calculate the density of the solid from the mass and volume measurements.
55
How to calculate the density of a liquid experimentally:
1.Place an empty measuring cylinder onto a balance, then 'zero' the reading. 2.Add some of the liquid to the measuring cylinder. 3.Read the volume of the liquid from the measuring cylinder. 4.Read the mass of the liquid from the balance. 5.Use the density formula to calculate the density from the mass and volume measurements.
56
What happens to the temperature of a substance whilst it changes state?
The temperature remains constant
57
Which factors can increase the pressure of a gas?
1. More collisions with the walls of the container 2. Faster moving particles
58
How volume affects pressure in a gas:
Decreasing the volume of the container, whilst keeping the number of gas particles the same, will increase the concentration. In this smaller volume, collisions between particles of gas and the walls of the container will be more frequent. A greater number of collisions per unit area of wall means the pressure increases.
59
How temperature and concentration affect a flexible container:
1.Some containers, such as balloons, are flexible. 2.An increase in force on the walls of the container would just cause the container to expand. 3.Therefore, changing temperature or concentration will change the volume of the container, rather than the pressure of the gases inside.
60
pressure of air in atmosphere at sea level
101 kPa
61
how much kinetic x potential energy do solids have
kinetic = very low potential = low
62
how much kinetic x potential energy do liquids have
kinetic = less than gas but more than solids potential = medium
63
how much kinetic x potential energy do gases have
kinetic = high potential = most
64
kinetic energy is directly proportional to
tempreture
65
law of displacement
says that an object completely submerged in a fluid (like water) will replace an amount of fluid equar to its own volume
66
what kind of change is a change of state and why
Changes of state are physical changes which differ from chemical changes because the material recovers its original properties if the change is reversed
67
change in thermal energy
change in thermal energy = mass × s peci f ic heat ca pacity × tem perature chang
68
compression of the states
solids = can not liquids not very easily compressed gas = can be compressed and expanded
69
what does doing work do to gas
Doing work on a gas increases the internal energy of the gas and can cause an increase in the temperature of the gas.
70
why does the temp of air inside a bike pump increase when it is pumped
work is done on a gas when it is compressed doing work on a gas increase its internal energy so also increases the average kinetic energy of the molecules tempreture increases with an increase average kinetic energy
71
what three factors determine the temp change of a system
1. Mass of substance being heated 2. Type of material (SHC) 3. Energy inputted into the system

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